Need help with the following problem: For each of these tasks A through H, selec

Question

Need help with the following problem:

For each of these tasks A through H, select the best tool for the job and write one sentence about why that tool is appropriate. Some ofthese may have more than one correct answer; if you correctly justify your choice, you receive full credit. Your tool choices are Angiography "barium swallow" Fluoroscopy Normal X-ray X-ray computed tomography (CT scan) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Functional MRI (FMRI) Positron emission tomography (PET scan) Single-point ultrasound Imaging ultrasound A. Monitoring of the location of a needle while a surgeon inserts the needle into a patient's spine. B. Measuring the thickness of a layer of paint at a point on the side of a battleship, using a simple and safe handheld instrument (no X-rays or big machines). C. Diagnosing kidney stones. D. Determining where the neurotoxic chemical compound acrylamide (C3HsNO) accumulates in a mouse's body after ingestion, using a radioactive version of acrylamide (c3H41 FNO). E. Diagnosing a hiatus hernia (a.k.a. hiatal hernia, when the top of a person's stomach pokes out through their diaphragm). Hint: image the contents of the stomach, not the stomach directly.

Explanation / Answer

Answer: Techniques to choose from:

1) Monitoring the location of a needle while a surgeon inserts the needle into a patient’s spine – Fluoroscopy: Lumbar puncture is performed using real time x-ray images (fluoroscopy). In this process needle is inserted followed by a contrast dye to make area show up clearly during the procedure.

2) Measuring the thickness of a layer of paint at a point on the side of the battleship, using a simple and safe handheld instrument (no x rays or big machines) – Single Point Ultrasound (An single point ultrasonic thickness gauge can be used to measure the thickness of the layer of paint at a point on the side of the battleship. This instrument provides a single point reading by performing a single scan/measurement of material of interest.)

3) Diagnosing kidney stones - X-ray computed tomography (CT Scan) (multiple X-rays are taken at slightly different angles and all the images are then put together using computer) and Imaging Ultrasound (this technique creates image of the inside of the body using high frequency sound waves)

4) Determining where the neurotoxic chemical compound acrylamide accumulates in a mouse’s body after ingestion, using a radioactive version of acrylamide

5) Diagnosing a hiatus hernia (when the top of a person’s stomach pokes through their diaphragm) – image the contents of the stomach not the stomach directly - Angiography / barium swallow (this technique can be used to visualize esophagus and stomach using fluoroscopy in real time)

6) Determining which parts of a brain are activated when playing violent video games, compared to playing non-violent puzzle solving video games – Functional MRI (this technique can be used to scan brain activity and identify areas that involved inhibition of impulses, emotions, attention etc)

7) Viewing a slice through a patient’s hip joint to determine if a fracture is healing correctly – Normal Xrays

8) Visualizing the motion of vocal chords while singing without using ionizing radiation - MRI (MRI does not use the damaging ionizing radiation and dynamic MRI can be used to visualize the motion of vocal cords while singing.)

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