51) How does splicing event give additional diversity for gene expression? A) Re

Question

51) How does splicing event give additional diversity for gene expression?

A) Remove excess RNA by editing

B) Synthesize miRNA

C) Assist DNA repair for higher fidelity

D) Alternative splicing gives different combinations of exons

.

52) How does a body respond to insulin resistance at the beginning of type 2 diabetes?

A) Decrease insulin secretion

B) Increase insulin secretion and compensate insulin resistance

C) Stop insulin secretion and conserve glucose

D) Decrease insulin secretion and increase glycolysis

.

53) How fatty acids are stored in adiposities?

A) Aggregate of fatty acids

B) In the form of triacylglycerol

C) Bind to albumin

D) Form chylomicron

.

54) Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in the glycolysis pathway is regulated.

a.High glucose inhibits this conversion.

b.Glucagon stimulates this conversion.

c.Low glucose inhibits this conversion.

d.Insulin inhibits this conversion.

55) What is the main source for synthesis of ATP in the brain?

A) Amino acid and fatty acids

B) Fatty acid only

C) Glucose only

D) Glucose and keton bodies

Explanation / Answer

51. Correct answer is letter D.

Alternative splicing results in the synthesis of several proteins from a single gene leading to diversity. This is due to the fact that during splicing, some exons are either included or excluded from the mRNA produced, hence,giving rise to different proteins during translation.

52. Correct answer is B.

In insulin resistance, the cell is not responsive to normal insulin level for sugar uptake. As a consequence, the beta cells of the pancreas are induced to produce even more insulin causing high blood insulin level.

53. Correct answer is B.

Triacyglycerol (TAG), commonly known as fat is the storage form of fattyacid in the adipose tissues. TAG is formed when glycerol combines with 3 moles of fatty acid.

54. Correct answer is C.

   Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. This conversion is promoted when glucose (which is the main substrate of glycolysis) is abundant. The mechanism is through feed forward stimulation. However, if the amount of glucose is limiting, this conversion will be inhibited leading to low amount of pyruvate produced.

55. Correct answer is D

Under normal metabolic condition, the brain uses glucose as fuel. However, under prolonged starvation (when glucose is scarce) , the brain resorts to using ketone bodies as source of substrate for ATP synthesis.

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