What is the utility of proteomic analysis in understanding and treating human di

Question

What is the utility of proteomic analysis in understanding and treating human disease? How does proteomics help us connect genotype to phenotype? In comparing the protein content of a healthy cell to that of a diseased cell, are you able to definitively describe phenotype? Speculate on additional protein information you might need to better understand human disease.

Journal entry #14: SEQUEST and XTandem! are proteomic search engines designed to match experimental spectra to theoretical spectra.

Use the help information for each of these resources to determine the parameters each of these programs use to validate a spectral match. For example describe how XCorr and delta Cn are computed. How can XCorr or delta Cn be used to validate spectral matches? Which statistical parameters are used by XTandem! to validate spectral matches? How does XTandem! compare to SEQUEST?

Journal entry #15: The MSDigest tool on the Protein Prospector website allows for the prediction of tryptic digestion sites for any protein. Choose any protein that interests you and use the MS digest tool to identify the m/z value of all of the doubly charged (2+) tryptic peptides for this protein. Include potential phosphorylation sites (S, T and Y) as a modification for this protein. Paste the output below.

Journal entry #16: The role of ion trap mass spectrometry is often to identify molecular biomarkers of human disease. Many different types of biomolecules have been identified as biomarkers of of disease. A summary of such biomarkers is provided in the following review article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4705754/

Describe 2 of the molecular biomarkers used to diagnose human disease. Which disease are these biomarkers associated with and what technologies are used for their analysis?

Journal entry #17: Prosite is a database containing structural information for many proteins. Access the Prosite entry for von Willebrand factor (vWF), a protein involved in blood clotting. List some of the structural domains of vWF and describe the different functions for these structural domains.

Explanation / Answer

The study of proteins in general is called as proteomics. Proteomics refers to the expirimental analysis, purification and mass spectrometry of proteins. Proteomics is used in diagnosing the disease with the help of specific biomarkers. Various laboratory tests like western blot,  immunohistochemical staining, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or mass spectrometry uses the principle of proteomics. Also, recently a new branch called secretomics has emerged from proteomics which studies secreted proteins.

Proteo-genomics help us to connect genotype with phenotype. Proteo-genomics provides us with the in-depth view of how the protein products of genes operate and interact with each other. Proteo-genomics focuses on the tissue-specific proteins and post-translational modifications that affect protein-protein interactions. However, we will not be able to definitely describe the phenotype by comparing the protein content of the ddiseased cell with healthy cell.

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