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JJamie’s results were as follows: Post Dehydration Osmolality mOsm/Kg Post DDAVP

ID: 87969 • Letter: J

Question

JJamie’s results were as follows:

Post Dehydration Osmolality mOsm/Kg

Post DDAVP Osmolality mOsm/kg

Time

Weight

Urine osmolality

Plasma osmolality

Urine

Plasma

8:00

122 lbs

200

287

9:00

121.5 lbs

200

290

10:00

120 lbs

200

298

DDAVP administered

11:00

815

290

Post-dehydration osmolality (mOsm/kg)

Post DDAVP osmolality (mOsm/kg)

Diagnosis

plasma

urine

urine

283-293

> 750

> 750

normal

> 293

< 300

< 300

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

> 293

< 300

> 750

cranial diabetes insipidus

< 293

300-750

< 750

chronic polydipsia

< 293

300-750

< 750

partial nephrogenic DI or primary polydipsia

> 293

300-750

> 750

partial cranial DI

8. Based upon the results above, and Jamie’s medical history, and the results of the MRI:                Does Jamie have Diabetes insipidus? If so—which type?   

Post Dehydration Osmolality mOsm/Kg

Post DDAVP Osmolality mOsm/kg

Time

Weight

Urine osmolality

Plasma osmolality

Urine

Plasma

8:00

122 lbs

200

287

9:00

121.5 lbs

200

290

10:00

120 lbs

200

298

DDAVP administered

11:00

815

290

Explanation / Answer

Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterised by excretion of large amount of dilute urine. Diabetis insipidus can be central which is due to defective secretion of vasopressin or anti diuretic hormone (ADH) from hypothalamus or nephrogenic which is due to inability of the kidneys to respond to vasopressin. The type of diabetes insipidus can easily be differentiated with the help of water deprivation test and urinalysis.

In central or cranial diabetes insipidus, which is primarily due to defective secretion of vasopressin, the osmolality of urine and plasma becomes normal after administration of vasopressin and in case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the vasopressin administration will have no effect on urine and plasma osmolality.

For Jamie, the post dehydration osmalility of urine is 200 mOsm/kg. This shows that he has diabetes insipidus. After administration of vasopressin, the urine osmolality and plasma osmolality of Jamie are 815 and 290 mOsm/kg respectively. From these results, it becomes clear that Jamie is having cranial diabetes insipidus.