Short Answer Bio, I will rate you 1-What is the most abundant extracellular cati

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Short Answer Bio, I will rate you

1-What is the most abundant extracellular cation? Intracellular cation? Is Cl- more abundant intracellularly or extracellularly? What are the anions inside the cell?

2-What is the difference between a resting membrane potential (RMP) and a transmembrane potential (TMP)? What is the primary mechanism responsible for a RMP?

3-What does is mean that a cell is polarized? Depolarized? Can you explain a few ways in which a cell could become depolarized? Hyperpolarized?

4-How is it that all cells of your body (except gametes) have the same DNA yet there are approximately 200 different types of cells?

5-What’s the name of the cell that can increase blood calcium levels? What’s the name of the cell in which the entire bicarbonate buffer system works inside its cytoplasm? What’s the name of the cell that contains a brush border? What’s the name of the cell that makes connective tissue in your body?

6-What are the three germ layers of an embryo and which of the four principal tissue types do each give rise to?

7-What cells that you are born with essentially never divide again throughout life? How can you prove this?

8-Why are virtually all cells of the human body within 20 µm of a capillary?

9-What are the three components of a junctional complex? Which one is most apically located? Which one involves actin filaments? Which is primarily involved in preventing things from moving through the intercellular space?

10-Are gap junctions part of a junctional complex? What is their function?

Explanation / Answer

1) The most abundant extracellular cation is sodium and the most abundant intracellular cation is potassium. Chloride is the most abundant extracellular anion. Hydrogen phosphate (HPO-4) is the most abundant intracellular anion. The other anions present intracellularly are sulphates, bicarbonates, chlorides and proteins.

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