All amino acids have two ionizable functional groups: an a-amino group (average

Question

All amino acids have two ionizable functional groups: an a-amino group (average pKa of 9.4) and an a- Map deb carboxylic acid group (average pKa of 2.2). Gluta c acid has an ionizable side chain (R group) with a pKa of 4.1. One of the possible ionization states of glutamic acid is shown below H3N CH-C OH CH CH OH At what pH would the above structure be the predominant ionization state? Note: Consider the ionization state of all three of the functional groups. 1.5 pH 4.1 5.6 7.0 8.9 10.4 2.3 The protonated form of the R group of glutamic acid is shown in the structure above. The ratio of the protonated form to the charged (deprotonated) form depends on the pKa of the R group and the pH of the solution. Select all the values at which the charged form of the R group would predominate. 4.1 7.0

Explanation / Answer

1)   at pH 1.5

2) at pH 12.2

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