1. Sodium carbonate is often added to laundry detergents to soften hard water an
ID: 905939 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Sodium carbonate is often added to laundry detergents to soften hard water and make the detergent more effective. Suppose that a particular detergent mixture is designed to soften hard water that is 3.6×10?3 M in Ca2+ and 1.0×10?3 M in Mg2+ and that the average capacity of a washing machine is 20.0 gallons of water.If 0.67 kg detergent is required per load of laundry, what percentage (by mass) of the detergent should be sodium carbonate in order to completely precipitate all of the calcium and magnesium ions in an average load of laundry water?
2. What is an acid? 2. Explain the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
1. Acids are ionic compounds that hydrolyze form ions ·Acids are ionic compounds that hydrolyze -form ions when they dissolve in water. An Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces hydrolyze ions in aqueous solutions strong onize hydrate 2. A weak acid is one that completely ionizes in solution. A strong acid is one that does not completely lonize n onic strong acid is one that does not completely ionize in OH water molecular hydrolyze weakExplanation / Answer
Ca : 0.0036 mol/L x 75.7 L = 0.272 mol
Mg : 0.001mol/L x 75.7 L = 0.075 mol
You need
0.272 mol+0.075 mol= 0.347 mol Na2CO3 to precipitate completely Ca and Mg.
Calculate the mass
0.347 mol x 106 g/mol = 36.8 g sodium carbonate
As % = 100 x 36.8 g / 670 g = 5.5 % Na2CO3
2.
A correct answer could be (if you can manipulate the text):
Acids are molecular compounds (ionic, e.g. NH4+, or neutral, e.g. CH3COOH) that hydrolyse (react with water) and forms H+ ions when they dissolve in water.
An Arrhenius acid is a substance that produce H+ ions in aquous solutions.
A strong acid is one that completely ionizes in solution.
A weak acid is one that does not completely ionize in solution.
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