RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS, THE loDINATION OF ACETONE INTRODUCTION The rate at
ID: 914204 • Letter: R
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RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS, THE loDINATION OF ACETONE INTRODUCTION The rate at which a chemical reaction occurs depends on several factors: the nature of the reaction, the concentrations of the reactants, the temperature, and the presence of possible catalysts. All of these factors can markedly influence the observed rate of reaction. Some reactions at a given temperature are very slow indeed: the oxidation of gaseous hydrogen or wood at room temperature would not appreciably proceed in a century. Other reactions are essentially instantaneous; the precipitation of silver chloride when solutions containing silver ions and chloride ions are mixed and the formation of water when acidic and basic solutions are mixed are examples of extremely rapid reactions. In this experiment we will study a reaction that, in the vicinity of room temperature, proceeds at a moderate, relatively easily measured rate For a given reaction, the rate typically increases with an increase in the concentration of any reactant. The relation between rate and concentration is a remarkably simple one in many cases, and for the reaction aA bB cC the rate can usually be expressed by the equation rate kIAT (Equation 1) where m and n are generally, but not always, integers: 0, 1, 2, or possibly 3; [A] and [B] are the concentrations of A and B (ordinarily in moles per liter); and k is a constant, called the rate constant of the reaction, which makes the relation quantitatively correct. The numbers m and n are called the orders of the reaction with respect to A and B. If m is 1 the reaction is said to be first order with respect to the reactant A. If n is 2 the reaction is second order with respect to reactant B. The overall order is the sum of m and n. In this example the reaction would be third order overall. The orders are not linked to the stoichiometry of a general reaction, but are linked to the reaction mechanism.Explanation / Answer
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