Shielding is due to the electrons that surround atomic nuclei in molecules. As e

Question

Shielding is due to the electrons that surround atomic nuclei in molecules. As electrons spin, they oppose (shield nuclei) the external magnetic fields in directions perpendicular to the spin but augment (increase, deshield) the external magnetic fields in the plane of the spin. This difference in magnetic effect of electron spin due to orientation is called anisotropy (not equal regions).

Electronegativity indirectly affects anisotropy because groups with less electrons around them are more deshielded. But anisotropy is greatly observed in systems like benzene where being in the plane of the ring is deshielding but being on top of the plane of the ring is highly shielding. Because of anisotropy, tables of where NMR signals are located may be way off.

In which direction does shielding increase in a NMR spectrum?

Answer choices:
A) left
B) up
C) down
D) right

Explanation / Answer

D) right

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