Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is maintained at a pretty constant 125 ml/min i

Question

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is maintained at a pretty constant 125 ml/min in spite of potentially wide swings in MAP. Which of the following could alter GFR? 1. Podocytes reducing the size & number of filtration slits and thereby reducing the coefficient of filtration(k_j) and reducing GFR. 2. Vasopressin induced vasculature contraction that reduces blood flow by increasing resistance. 3. Smooth muscle in afferent arteriole undergoing vasoconstriction or vasodilation. 4. Backed up" filtrate in the nephron due to blockage of minor calyx by calcium oxalate crystals. 5. Tubuloglomerular feedback loop macula densa cells of the DCT releasing vasoactive factors that cause changes in smooth muscle activity of afferent & efferent arterioles. 6. Any & ALL hormonal control mechanisms affecting blood pressure (MAP). a. 1, 2, 3 b. 1, 3, 5, 6 c. 2, 3, 4, 5 d. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 e. All of the above Which of the following is a function of Urinary System? 1. synthesis of Vitamin D_2 2. maintenance of erythrocyte concentration 3. elimination of solid wastes 4. control of blood pressure 5. regulation of body pH 6. storage & excretion of liquid wastes a. 1, 3, 5 b. 2, 4, 6 c. 2, 3, 5, 6 d 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 e.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 CCK (Cholecystokinin) will cause 1. Pancreatic acini production of zymogens 2. Satiety reflex in Limbic System (Satiation) 3. Gall Bladder emptying 4. stimulation of a bowel movement 5. Pancreatic duct production of HCO_3. 6. Liver's production of bile a. 1, 2, 3 b. 1, 3, 4, 5 c. 1, 2, 3, 6 d. 2, 3, 5, 6 e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 You have just eaten a meal of a bacon double cheeseburger, French fries, ice cream and whole milk. Which of the following organs/glands would be immediately activated to help you to digest this food? 1. the exocrine pancreas 2. the endocrine pancreas 3. the parotid glands 4. the gall bladder 5. the thyroid gland 6. the gastric glands/pits a. 1, 3, 5 b. 1, 3, 4, 6 c. 2, 4, 5, 6 d. 1, 2, 4, 5 e. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Explanation / Answer

91. D (1, 2, 4, 5 6)

Functions of the Kidneys:

92. e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Acinar cells are stimulated by cholecystokinin (CCK), which is a hormone/neurotransmitter produced by the intestinal cells (I cells) in the duodenum.CCK stimulates production of the pancreatic zymogens. It induces contraction of the gallbladder, relaxes the sphincter of Oddi, reduces of gastric acid secretion, increases bile acid production in the liver, delays gastric emptying, and induces digestive enzyme production in the pancreas.

CCK is found extensively throughout the central nervous system, with high concentrations found in thelimbic system.

93. Ans (b) 1, 3, 4, 6

1: Functioning as an exocrine gland, the pancreas excretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in food.

2: Functioning as an endocrine gland, the pancreas secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar levels throughout the day.

3. Parotid: They are the largest of the salivary glands. Each parotid is wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and secretes serous saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth, to facilitate mastication and swallowing and to begin the digestion of starches. The word parotid (paraotic) literally means "beside the ear".

4. Gallbladder: Its primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a yellow-brown digestive enzyme produced by the liver. The gallbladder is part of the biliary tract. The gallbladder serves as a reservoir for bile while it's not being used for digestion. ... The bile helps the digestive process by breaking up fats.

5. thyroid gland: The thyroid is part of the endocrine system, which is made up of glands that produce, store, and release hormones into the bloodstream so the hormones can reach the body's cells. The thyroid gland uses iodine from the foods you eat to make two main hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4)

6. Gastric gland: The glands themselves are in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane and they open into the bases of the gastric pits formed by the epithelium. The various cells of the glands secrete mucus, pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, gastrin, histamine and bicarbonate.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse G
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.