a) What type of group (monophyletic, paraphyletic, polyphyletic) is indicated by

Question

a) What type of group (monophyletic, paraphyletic, polyphyletic) is indicated by the peach group?

b) Why would the peach group be classified this way?

c) What type of group (monophyletic, paraphyletic, polyphyletic) is the green group?

d) What would need to be done to make the green group monophyletic?

e) What kind of group (monophyletic, paraphyletic, polyphyletic) would be represented by a group that consisted of the homeotherms (birds and mammals)?

3. The phylogeny below shows one hypothesis for the relationship of the higher vertebrates. The taxa identified within a colored box (look at the file if you cannot print in color) indicate how these organisms are often grouped (Cyclostomata, Reptilia, Herptiles). Dots most recent common ancestors Examples of Paaphyletc Goups Her poles ata

Explanation / Answer

This phylogenetic tree represented here clearly indicating the ancestral routes and variation among them. This evolutionary tree shows the genetic similarity and indifferences among the species.

a. The Reptilian group colored in peach is showing here is polyphyletic type.

b. Polyphyletic group of organism are derived from more than one common ancestors, as the peach color group is shown here. Although it is not suitable for placing in the same taxon.

c. Green group is the paraphyletic group type. As we know the group shares the common ancestry but not necessarily all the organisms will be included in the same lineage. Here also it shows that the ancestry for Amphibians, Turtles and Crocodiles have common ancestor included, while having different species not included in the same.

d. The green group to be monophyletic, it should not be sharing the common evolutionary ancestral route to any other group. If we remove the peach group reptilica, birds and mammals, we would be able to achieve it. Another way if the peach group would be included into the green group along with the outside two more group as mammalian and birds.

e.Mammals and birds would come under the paraphyletic group if they are included together. Because they have an origin, so they would be included under a common origin.

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