DATA SHEET NOTE: There are 6 unknowns: a hydrocarbon, an alco of which is a meth

Question

DATA SHEET NOTE: There are 6 unknowns: a hydrocarbon, an alco of which is a methyl ketone) and a sugar (glucose). The chemical names of the unknowns will be written on the blackboard. Use these names to complete Table 1. : There are 6 unknowns: a hydrocarbon, an alcohol, an aldehyde, two ketones (one Table 1. Chemical classification and names of the unknowns Class of organic compound Name of compound A Hydrocarbon exan etha no Alcohol Aldehyde Ketone Methyl ketone Sugar Benzeldnycle ace tone Glucose Table 2.Results of oxidation with Jones' reagent (Test 1) and Benedict's reagent (Test 2). BENEDICT'S JONES' REGENT BENEDICT'S Type o JONES' REAGENT Type of compound possible REAGENT in sample | UNKNOWN Observations* Observations* Conclusions** A blUis h/3reen , e-sitive dark ovange blve/green negotive olange negot ive okange hegahve brown pesiti ve ange regative darle red lorang Sugar ol ue negative negative For example, no reaction; changed color from orange to green; a solid precipitate formed, etc. Based on what you know about the 6 samples and the results of these tests (refer to the flow chart). For example, could be an alcohol or aldehyde, not an alcohol or aldehyde, a sugar, etc. 71

Explanation / Answer

1)  a )Tollens reagent. If the test is positive, you have butanal (an aldehyde). If it is negative, you have butanone (a ketone).

b)

c) Hexanal is an aldehyde: CH3(CH2)4CH=O (the double bond is between C and O, not H and O).
Hexanol is an alcohol: CH3(CH2)4CH2OH (there is no double bond, so there are two more atoms of hydrogen in contrary with hexanal).

d)2-pentanone being a methy ketone when treated with NAOI(I2+NAOH) gives yellow precipitate of iodoform but 3-pentanone does not.

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