Provide a brief response to each of the following: Clearly explain how the struc

Question

Provide a brief response to each of the following: Clearly explain how the structure of the pelvis of an adult female reflects adaptations for pregnancy. Which bone is involved in a each of the following? A) fracture of the shin bone B) broken knee C) broken tailbone D) broken collar bone E) shattered olecranon process F) compression fracture of the glenoid fossa G) heel spurs H) bruised breastbone I) lump on forehead J) broken toe K) cleft palate L)houses inner ear. Why is it advantageous to have no nerves in articular cartilage? A man who was taking the medication furosemide, a drug that causes the kidneys to large amount of cell's membranes. How does hyperpolarization of skeletal muscle cells affect skeletal muscle functioning? Why do muscles get sore?

Explanation / Answer

1. The pelvic girdle is an anatomical structure which connects the spine to the legs. In pregnancy, some of the hormones produced by the body soften the joints in the pelvic girdle. This makes it easier for it to expand slightly to accommodate a pregnancy, and to ease the labor and delivery process. As a result of the softened joints, the bones in the pelvis can shift and move during pregnancy. The female pelvis is broader and shallower. This allows for a larger, more rounded pelvic inlet and outlet. In addition, the ischial spines are further apart, the ischial tuberosity is more lateral, and the sacrum is broader with the inferior portion directed more posteriorly. These structures make the female pelvis much more suitable for a normal delivery.

2. A) fracture of the shin bone involves tibia
B). broken knee - patella
C) broken tailbone- coccyx
D) broken collar bone - clavicle
E) shattered olecranon process - ulna
F) compression fracture of the glanoid fossa
G) heel spurs - calcaneus
H) bruised breastbone - sternum
I) lump on forehead - frontal
J) broken toe - phalanges
K) cleft palate - maxilla
L) houses inner ear - temporal

3. If the articular cartilage had nerves, a sharp pain would be felt when the joints are moved each time, and the nerves could become pinched more easily causing other problems.

4. When hyperpolarization of cell membranes occurs, there would be a decreased skeletal muscle contractility. This would also mean that the skeletal muscle would require a stronger stimulus for an action potential to be generated.

5. Muscles get sore when they are required to work harder than they are used to, or in a different way. There might be a microscopic damage to the muscle fibers, resulting in muscle soreness or stiffness.

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