28. Marine iguanas are vegetarians that feed mainly in the intertidal zone. Only
ID: 96717 • Letter: 2
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28. Marine iguanas are vegetarians that feed mainly in the intertidal zone. Only large male iguanas go beyond the breakers (waves) and feed underwater in the cold water around the Galapagos. Which one of the following would allow the larger and not the smaller individuals to feed underwater in the cold water? Recall that iguanas are ectothermic poikilotherms, al.The larger males have a larger surface area to volume ratio than the smaller iguanas b) The larger males have a smaller surface area to volume ratio than the smaller iguanas c).The larger males have broader tails than the small iguanas d).The larger males have a shorter nose than the small iguanas el.The larger males have longer and sharper claws than the small iguanas Use the following information for the NEXT 2 QUESTIONS. A scientist observes that about 95% of the individual grasshoppers of a particular species are green, similar to the plants that they live on. He hypothesizes that these grasshoppers are green because they are harder for visual predators to detect against the green background of plants. To test this hypothesis, the scientist conducts an experiment. He marks 100 green grasshoppers with spots of red nail polish, another 100 green grasshoppers with transparent (colorless) nail polish, and a third 100 green grasshoppers are left unmarked. Twenty-five (25) of each type are placed in each of 4 field plots in different locations, which are videotaped over the course of a day to document predation (without the presence of the scientist to influence predator behavior). This whole experiment is repeated on 3 days and the results compared He predicts that, if the hypothesis is correct, natural predators such as birds and praying mantises (which are also green insects) will capture more of the red-spotted grasshoppers than the control grasshoppers. He combines results (below) for all 4 plots and 3 days, after determining that there were no statistical differences between days or plots. 13 l pont Layout View Sec3 Pages 6 of 12 Words 80%Explanation / Answer
Please find the answers below and reasons:
Answer 28: Choice b is correct.
Explanation: The surface-area to volume ratio of an organism represents the bulkiness of the structure. More is this ratio, more likely is that the organism is very bulky. In bio-physical terms, it means that the large surface area will allow large heat-transfer across the surface area of the organism. Thus, having a large surface area is actually a disadvantage for thos organisms which are required to tolerate very sudden and large temperature differences. Thus, according to the informaiton, the large iguanas are able to dive deep and prey because they will tolerate the temperature differences in the water temperature. This is because of the ectothermic poikilothermous nature of these iguanas. These large iguanas will be able to dive deep in water and acclimatize quickly with the ambient temperature of deep water as compared to small iguanas, hence prey better.
Answer 29: Choice a is correct.
Explanation: According to the information, the study decipheres a correlation between the extent of predation of the grasshoppers by the natural predators (birds and mantises) based upon the observation of the scientist. Further, the extent of grasshopper predation is dependent upon the extent of identification of grasshopper by the predator. Thus, this is a combinatorial observational and correlational study where extent of predation is a dependent variable.
Answer 30: Choice e is correct.
Explanation: According to the tabulated data, it can be clearly seen that the number of grasshoppers predated by birds is very high suggesting that birds are the major predators of grasshoppers. Further, the lower two rows of the tabulated data clealry demonstrate that the population of grasshoppers in both experimental groups and controls is same clearly suggesting that predation by mantises did not affect the overall population of grasshoppers in the niche. Thus, it can be concluded that the hypothesis of the scientist seems to be correct but due to lack of controlled conditions and small sample size, it requires further validation.
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