The figure below illustrates how two species of porkfish were formed following g

Question

The figure below illustrates how two species of porkfish were formed following geographic isolation 3.5 million years ago when the Isthmus of Panama arose What type of speciation is this (generally and specifically)? Sympatric speciation can occur when species co-occur geographically but are reproductive isolated via temporal, spatial, or behavioral disruptions or through mechanical or genetic incompatibility. Give an example (real or made up) of a temporal disruption that could reproductively isolate two co-occuring populations. There are several species of giraffes that occur throughout Africa. Scientists have looked at differences among these species and noticed that distinct species have very different coat patterns. Young giraffes recognize their mother (a process called imprinting) by the pattern on her coat. Knowing this, what type of reproductive isolation may have led up to reproductive isolation among these giraffe species?

Explanation / Answer

8. This is Allopatric speciation because a single species is divided into two different groups due to geographical barrier and later on developed into different species under the influence of different environmental conditions and variations in resources availability.

9.Temporal disruption is a kind of sympatric speciation where organisms have reproductive cycles during different time periods. For example: Spring crickets and Fall field crickets are two species that are morphologically identical but appear at different time periods of the year. Spring field crickets appear in spring and Fall field crickets appear in July and remain throughout autumn. Fall field crickets live through the winters as eggs and spring field crickets survive the winters in form of nymphs.

10. In giraffe, the genetic isolation is mainly responsible for reproductive isolation.It may be possible that large scale migration among species and separation resulted into genetic isolation, and hence lead to the beginning of subspecies. As different subspecies interact only among familiar individuals, the subspecies keeps kins and familiar individuals only within their herd, allowing very less movement out of the group. In this way, genetic isolation gets confined within the limits of a small herd.

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