Hemodialysis is a procedure that patients who have limited or virtually non-exis

Question

Hemodialysis is a procedure that patients who have limited or virtually non-existent kidney function undergo to remove both waste products and extra fluid from their bloodstream. Blood from an artery of a hemodialysis patient is diverted into an artifieial kidney where the blood enters numerous tiny fibers, An aqueous salt solution called dialysis fluid flows around these fibers. Waste products, most notably urea, and excess fluid within the blood pass through the fibers and into the dialysis fluid. The purified blood returns to the bloodstream through a vein. Considerr the schematic of an artificial kidney below. After a certain amount of time in dialysis treatment, the flow rates and concentrations are as follows.

Explanation / Answer

a)

The rate of Blood flow is 313 mL/min this blood contains 1.540 mg Urea/mL total urea flow rate is

313 mL/min x 1.540 mg/mL = 482.02 mg/min

The rate of Blood flowing out is 308 mL/min and the urea content is 1.409 mg Urea/ml total urea flow rate is

308mL/min x 1.409 mg/mL = 433.97 mg/min

the difference between these two is the rate of urea removal

= 482.02 mg/min - 433.97 mg/min = 48.05 mg/min

b)

The dialysis fluid is flowing at 800mL/min since the amount of urea removed is 48.05 mg/min

The amount of urea in the dialysis fluid is (48.05 mg/min) / 800 mL/min = 0.06 mg urea/mL.

c)

The blood flow has been shown to be 313 mL/min so in mL /hour it will be

313 mL/min x 60 min/hr = 18780 mL/hour

d) Fluid removed from Blood is 313 mL/min - 308 mL/min = 5mL/min

so in 1 hour we have 5 mL/min x 60 mL/hour = 300 mL/hour

in 3.9 hour it will be 300 mL/hour x 3.9 = 1170 mL

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