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For the following set of questions, consider an aqueous solution of 0.0180-F of

ID: 989148 • Letter: F

Question

For the following set of questions, consider an aqueous solution of 0.0180-F of benzoic acid (K_a = 6.28 times 10^-5). Write the charge balance AND mass balance expressions for the above solution. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of H^* in the solution. List two assumptions that are made in the previous calculation Consider the above solution with the individual addition of the salts below (i.e. four different solutions with one extra salt each). Order these solutions by increasing P^H (i.e. from lowest to highest). 0.10 F NaCl, 0.15 F KCl 0.03 F Li_3,PO_4 0.05 F Na_2So_4

Explanation / Answer

7

a)

Assume HB = Benzoic Acid, B is the benzoate ion and H+ the acidic pproton

C7H5O2H --> benzoic acid

C7H5O2- -->benzoate ion

H+ --> hydrogen ion (acidic)

then

C7H5O2H + H2O <--> C7H5O2- + H3O+

this is the ionization of the weak acid in water

then

Ka = [C7H5O2-][H3O+]/[C7H5O2H ]

Ka = 6.28*10^-5

Charge balance is essentially

C7H5O2H + H2O <--> C7H5O2- + H3O+

left side: all neutral i.e. = 0

righ side: -1 +1 = 0

equation is balanced

b)

find H+ in equilibrium

since

Ka = [C7H5O2-][H3O+]/[C7H5O2H ]

then

assume

[C7H5O2-] = [H3O+] = x

[C7H5O2H ] = 0.018-x

6.28*10^-5 = (x*x)/( 0.018-x)

solve for x

x = 0.00103

[H+] = x= 0.00103 F

c)

Assumption:

- this is done at 25°C; where Ka and Kw of water are valid

- We assume [H+] = [Benzoate ion] due to stochiometry

d)

consider acid + salt

are salts are neutral, since they are made from strong acids + stron bases

therefore, we need to account for:

total "ionic strenght"

that is

0.1 of NaCl = 0.1 Na + and 0.1 Cl- = 0.20

0.15 of KCl= 0.15 K+ and 0.15 Cl- = 0.30

0.03 of Li3PO4 = 0.09 Li+ and 0.03 PO4-2 = 0.12

0.05 of Na2sO4= 0.10 Na+ and 0.05 PO4-2 = 0.15

then

KCl > NaCl > Na2SO4 > Li3PO4

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