5 . Insulin has a variety of effects on body cells. Specifically, it causes adip

Question

5 . Insulin has a variety of effects on body cells. Specifically, it causes adipocytes to take in fatty acids, and to store them as triglycerides. (A triglyceride is a molecule of glycerine with 3 fatty acids attached. It’s the way cells store fat). It causes hepatocytes to take in glucose and store it as glycogen (glycogen is just a string of glucoses attached together). What are 2 SPECIFIC, intracellular effects insulin might be having on an adipocyte or a hepatocyte to make it react in the way it does?

Explanation / Answer

adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat.

ADIPOCYTE ADAPTATION ( effects on insulin )

1st effect :- obesity is characterized by the expansion of fat mass, through adipocyte size increase and , to a lesser extent less proliferation.

in the fat cells of obese individuals , there is increased production of metabolism modulators, such as glycerol, hormones and pro inflammatory cytokines, leading to the development of insulin resistance.

2nd effect

fat production in adipocytes is strongly stimulated by insulin.

by controlling the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase and the acetyl CoA carboxylase enzymes, insulin promotes glucose uptake and induces SREBF1( sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor), which activates the transcription of gene that stimulate lipogenesis.

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