Calculate the buffering index in the pH range 5-9 for a 0.002 M solution of carb

Question

Calculate the buffering index in the pH range 5-9 for a 0.002 M solution of carbonic acid at 25 degree C. 4)The bacteria-catalyzed oxidation of ammonia (or of other reduced organic nitrogen compounds) to nitrate is a reaction with two main steps, with nitrite ion, NO_2^-1, being an intermediate. If sufficient oxygen is available, the rate of reaction is first-order only in the concentration of the nitrogen reactants. NH_3 rightarrow NO_2^-1 NO_3^-1 k_1 and k_2 are the pseudo-first-order rate constants. Derive the rate expressions d[NH_3]/dt, d[NO_2^-1]/dt, and d[NO_3^-1/dt]. 4b) Sketch a graph showing the evolution of NH_3 and NO_2^-1 with time for the values k_1=2 and k_2=1. This graph needs only to be descriptive, not quantitative. What is the commercial use for adipic acid? Describe a green synthesis; highlight the green chemistry metrics employed. Cite one source.

Explanation / Answer

3. H2CO3 + H2O = H3O+ + HCO3-

Ka = [H3O+] [HCO3-] / [H2CO3] =

Given, pH range = 5 - 9

Range of buffer solution is given as pH = pKa - 1 to pH =pKa +1

Ka1 of carbonic acid = 4.3 x 10-7

pKa = -log Ka = -log (4.3 x 10-7) = 6.36

Therefore range of buffer = 5.36 - 7.36

Buffering index is defined as the magnitude of the resistance of a buffer to pH changes.

Buffering index = Delta a / Delta pH

Delta a = small amount of acid or base added

Delta pH = change in pH due to addition of acid or base

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