Biology and Genetics

1. Calculating the risk of an inherited disorder by pedigree analysis. An autoso

1. Calculating the risk of an inherited disorder by pedigree analysis. An autosomal recessive gene (p) in humans results in the absence of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase and…

1. Can you tell a person’s race by looking at their DNA? Can you tell something

1. Can you tell a person’s race by looking at their DNA? Can you tell something about their population ancestry (i.e. whether their ancestors come from Africa, Asia, and/or Europe…

1. Cancer is a genetic disease. Given this fact briefly explain why the followin

1. Cancer is a genetic disease. Given this fact briefly explain why the following 2 seemingly contradictory statements are true: 1) cancer is rarely directly passed on to offsprin…

1. Cancer is often regarded as a genetic disease because: A. agents that damage

1. Cancer is often regarded as a genetic disease because: A. agents that damage DNA, such as radiation, often lead to cancer. B. some cancers run in families, suggesting heritabil…

1. Cancerous cells differ from their original normal cells by: a. They divide le

1.       Cancerous cells differ from their original normal cells by: a. They divide less frequently and in a well controlled manner b. They allow more nutrients to reach their nor…

1. Carbohydrates, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, heat and light are all particip

1. Carbohydrates, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, heat and light are all participants in the processes of respiration and photosynthesis. Write an equation to show the substrates a…

1. Carefully and accurately give the full name the above structure 2. Write the

1. Carefully and accurately give the full name the above structure 2. Write the complementary DNA strand of the sequence GAATAAG (presented here in the conventional English form-a…

1. Carriers of the sickle-cell allele (i.e. those with a heterozygous genotype)

1. Carriers of the sickle-cell allele (i.e. those with a heterozygous genotype) are fittest in environments with high frequencies of: 2. Light skin is an evolutionary adaptation t…

1. Carriers of the sickle-cell allele (i.e. those with a heterozygous genotype)

1. Carriers of the sickle-cell allele (i.e. those with a heterozygous genotype) are fittest in environments with high frequencies of: 2. Light skin is an evolutionary adaptation t…

1. Case: Sloppy sandwich-making serves up squeamish stomach A young woman in her

1. Case: Sloppy sandwich-making serves up squeamish stomach A young woman in her 20s comes into your clinic with severe diarrhea, stomach cramps and fever. She tells you that she …

1. Catalytic RNAs are broadly separated into two classes based on their size and

1. Catalytic RNAs are broadly separated into two classes based on their size and reaction mechanisms. The large catalytic RNAs (consist of RNase P, and the group I and group II in…

1. Catalytic converters are intended to reduce _____smog 2. The gas present in g

1. Catalytic converters are intended to reduce _____smog 2. The gas present in greatest volume in dry air at sea level is______ 3. The major source of ______ radiation is radon an…

1. Catenary differentiation of soils results from different geomorphic processes

1. Catenary differentiation of soils results from different geomorphic processes acting on a slope Which of these is not one of the processes? A. soils creep B. soil water movemen…

1. Cathy has just given birth to a little girl. When the nurse tried to feed her

1. Cathy has just given birth to a little girl. When the nurse tried to feed her or bather her, the baby become cyanotic. Physical examination indicates no structural deformities.…

1. Causes of Child Mortality in LMIC a. Include Pneumonia, Diarrhea and Malaria

1. Causes of Child Mortality in LMIC a. Include Pneumonia, Diarrhea and Malaria as key causes of post neonatal mortality in Africa b. Include Prematurity, Birth Asphyxia/Neonatal …

1. Cell biology is a relatively new field of biology that came about as three fi

1. Cell biology is a relatively new field of biology that came about as three fields of biology merged to contribute knowledge and skills. What three fields of biology came togeth…

1. Cell contents grow and duplicate in which phase of the cell cycle? A: metapha

1. Cell contents grow and duplicate in which phase of the cell cycle? A: metaphase B: telophase C: prophase D: interphase 2. What phase of cell division results in separate sister…

1. Cells #1 and #2 below have each just received a stimulus that has initiated a

1.Cells #1 and #2 below have each just received a stimulus that has initiated a biological effect. The plasma membranes for these cells are shown. A)Identify which cell below will…

1. Cells can use ATP to a. Drive conformation change, for example, in motor prot

1. Cells can use ATP to a. Drive conformation change, for example, in motor proteins b. Drive thermodynamically unfavorable reactions. c. Phosphorylate proteins to inactivate them…

1. Cells spend most of their life cycle in a. M phase b. meiosis c. interphase d

1. Cells spend most of their life cycle in a. M phase b. meiosis c. interphase d. metaphase e. the bath tub. 2. During mitosis, chromosomes align at the a. prophase astors metapha…

1. Cells take up extracellular molecules by either receptor-mediated endocytosis

1. Cells take up extracellular molecules by either receptor-mediated endocytosis or by constitutive endocytosis (fluid-phase endocytosis). A study compared the efficiencies of the…

1. Cells that have lots of tight junctions must have which of the following prop

1. Cells that have lots of tight junctions must have which of the following properties? They must be able to form a barrier. They must be able to resist large amounts of shearing …

1. Cellular respiration is overall an exergonic reaction. To what overall enderg

1. Cellular respiration is overall an exergonic reaction. To what overall endergonic reaction is it coupled (what reaction or molecular product stores part of the energy released …

1. Cerebellar output arises within the: cortex deep nuclei peduncles 2. The cere

1. Cerebellar output arises within the: cortex deep nuclei peduncles 2. The cerebello-thalamic tracts pass through a pair of peduncles. Which pair? superior middle inferior 3. Do …

1. Cerebrospinal fluid is separated from the body by what is known as the blood-

1. Cerebrospinal fluid is separated from the body by what is known as the blood-brain barrier. Yet changes in arterial PCO2 cause a proportional response in cerebrospinal fluid PC…

1. Characteristics of beta oxidation 2. First reaction in amino acid catabolism

1. Characteristics of beta oxidation 2. First reaction in amino acid catabolism 3. Classify pathways as anabolic or catabolic 4. Coenzyme associated with acetyl-CoA carboxylase 5.…

1. Chargaff found that the amount of adenine present in DNA always equals the am

1.   Chargaff found that the amount of adenine present in DNA always equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine always equals the amount of cytosine. The Watson-Crick…

1. Charles Darwin may have suffered from chronic arsenic poisoning. After his vo

1. Charles Darwin may have suffered from chronic arsenic poisoning. After his voyage on the Beagle, he exhibited characteristic symptoms of eczema, vertigo, headaches, gout, and n…

1. Checkpoints during the cell cycle process allow cells to: a. detect DNA damag

1. Checkpoints during the cell cycle process allow cells to: a. detect DNA damage b detect improper spindle formation during mitosis c check for unreplicated DNA following DNA syn…

1. Cheetahs are large African cats that can run faster than 60 mph when chasing

1. Cheetahs are large African cats that can run faster than 60 mph when chasing prey. How would you explain how the ability to run fast evolved in cheetahs, assuming their ancesto…

1. Chemical reactions progress towards equilibrium. What do we call organisms th

1. Chemical reactions progress towards equilibrium. What do we call organisms that have reached equilibrium for all their chemical reactions. 2. Which type of biofuel do you belie…

1. Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________. b. para

1. Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________. b. paracrine    2. The gonads produce what class of hormones? c. steroid hormones 3.   The important featu…

1. Chemoreceptors detect an elevation in plasma CO2concentration. Which of the f

1. Chemoreceptors detect an elevation in plasma CO2concentration. Which of the following is the most likely response? a. No change in the rate of respiration       b. Decreases in…

1. Choose one out of paracrine signalling, endocrine signalling, autocrine signa

1.Choose one out of paracrine signalling, endocrine signalling, autocrine signalling and direct signalling and describe briefly the process by which this occurs. Pick a representa…

1. Choose the TWO correct statements describing the citrate cycle. ATP is an ind

1. Choose the TWO correct statements describing the citrate cycle. ATP is an indirect product of the citric acid cycle Acetyl CoA can increase the pool of citric acid cycle interm…

1. Choose the best answer for each statment/question. a.) Which statement descri

1. Choose the best answer for each statment/question. a.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrPC and the pathogenic version PrPSc In a per…

1. Choose the products of electron transport chain. a) NADH b) FADH2 c) NAD d) A

1. Choose the products of electron transport chain. a) NADH b) FADH2 c) NAD d) ATP e) Carbon dioxide f) FAD g) Pyruvate h) Water 2. Match the items on the left with their function…

1. Chris and Kassie are working in a research lab and are hoping to study the mo

1. Chris and Kassie are working in a research lab and are hoping to study the movement ofribosomal subunits through the nuclear pore complex. Which microorganism would theymost li…

1. Chromosomes, colored bodies, are composed of proteins and DNA. In human body

1. Chromosomes, colored bodies, are composed of proteins and DNA. In human body or somatic cells there are 23 chromosome pairs. In mature human sperm cells there are _____ nuclear…

1. Chromosomes, colored bodies, are composed of proteins and DNA. In human somat

1.       Chromosomes, colored bodies, are composed of proteins and DNA. In human somatic cells there are 23 chromosome pairs. In human somatic cells there are ___ nuclear DNA     …

1. Chromosomes, colored bodies, are composed of proteins and DNA; so are chromat

1. Chromosomes, colored bodies, are composed of proteins and DNA; so are chromatids. At metaphase I there are 46 chromosomes aligned in pairs along the human cells equatorial plat…

1. Chromosomes. Muntjacs are deer native to Southeast Asia, South China, and the

1. Chromosomes. Muntjacs are deer native to Southeast Asia, South China, and the Indian peninsula. The Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) is a fascinating animal from the evolutio…

1. Chronic exposure of the esophageal wall to stomach acid that results in the d

1. Chronic exposure of the esophageal wall to stomach acid that results in the development of inflamed cells resembiing stomach or intestinal cells is referred to as: A. hiatal he…

1. Chronic exposure of the esophageal wall to stomach acid that results in the d

1. Chronic exposure of the esophageal wall to stomach acid that results in the development of inflamed cells stomach or intestinal cells is referred to as: A. hiatal hemia B. Barr…

1. Chronic pericarditis a. leads to fibrous thickening of the endocardium b. inc

1. Chronic pericarditis a. leads to fibrous thickening of the endocardium b. increases movement of the myocardium c, restricts diastolic filling d. none of the above 2Which of the…

1. Cicero (About the Ends of Good and Evil) a. In About the Ends of Good and Evi

1. Cicero (About the Ends of Good and Evil) a. In About the Ends of Good and Evil what did Cicero say the Epicureans meant when they argued that pleasure is the chief good of life…

1. Circle one for each parentheses. Natural selection is the (process/product) w

1. Circle one for each parentheses. Natural selection is the (process/product) where evolution is more the of (process/product). 2.What is the Vatican’s official stance on evoluti…

1. Circle the substrate(s) and label as “S” 2. Mark the scissile bond in the fir

1. Circle the substrate(s) and label as “S” 2. Mark the scissile bond in the first figure. 3. Point out 2 places where the His-57 works as a base (extracting H+) (identify the cur…

1. Citric acid cycle: A cell has a high demand for ATP and the energy charge in

1. Citric acid cycle: A cell has a high demand for ATP and the energy charge in the cell is low. The rate of oxidation of acetyl-CoA, and hence the production of ATP by oxidative …

1. Clark Kent is homozygous for both traits, “muscles of steel” and “x-ray visio

1. Clark Kent is homozygous for both traits, “muscles of steel” and “x-ray vision”, a trait found commonly in Kryptonites. Lois Lane is homozygous for the lack of these traits, as…