Complete a brief paragraph on each of the assigned topics below. All work should

Question

Complete a brief paragraph on each of the assigned topics below. All work should be in sentence/paragraph form, and in your own words (do not copy and paste from our power points or other sources). Please indicate which textbook, if any, you have used.

The Immune System: Compare and contrast the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system.
Excretion and Osmolarity: Describe how the kidney’s counter-current multiplier system works.
Digestion: What is the process for digesting lipids?
Reproduction: What happens during ovulation?
Microorganisms: Compare and contrast Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in terms of their cell wall.
Complete a brief paragraph on each of the assigned topics below. All work should be in sentence/paragraph form, and in your own words (do not copy and paste from our power points or other sources). Please indicate which textbook, if any, you have used.

The Immune System: Compare and contrast the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system.
Excretion and Osmolarity: Describe how the kidney’s counter-current multiplier system works.
Digestion: What is the process for digesting lipids?
Reproduction: What happens during ovulation?
Microorganisms: Compare and contrast Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in terms of their cell wall.
Complete a brief paragraph on each of the assigned topics below. All work should be in sentence/paragraph form, and in your own words (do not copy and paste from our power points or other sources). Please indicate which textbook, if any, you have used.

The Immune System: Compare and contrast the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system.
Excretion and Osmolarity: Describe how the kidney’s counter-current multiplier system works.
Digestion: What is the process for digesting lipids?
Reproduction: What happens during ovulation?
Microorganisms: Compare and contrast Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in terms of their cell wall.

Explanation / Answer

Immunity System:

Immunity system is the mechanism which can be used to fight or defence against the bacteria or foreign material that are trying to attack the body or the infectious organisms. So there are two types of the immunity system which include innate immunity system which we can say gets activated due to the chemical properties that the antigen possess whereas the adaptive immune system we can say is the response of the specific antigen.

So lets compare the innate and adaptive immune system:

Excretion and Osmolarity:

Counter-current multiplier is the mechanism in the kidney which we can say can be used to create as osmotic gradient so that it can be helpful to reabsorb the water and so that it is beneficial in the production of the concentrated urine so as by the working of this mechanism in the kidney it will not produce the dilute urine and always keep us hydrate. So the generation of the osmotic gradient which can be used in the production of the concentrated urine is usually take place in the loop of henle which is present in the juxtamedullary nephron. in this first is the thin descending limp which we can say is permeable to both water and solut. then after that the solute concentration arises in the ascending limb and both water and solute moves down when both gets equillibreted the water moves out of the tubule and the solute moves down again to the thin descending limb.because the solute moves inside the thin ascending limd that means it is permeable to solute and impermeable to water which will result that it will stop the water outside and after some time the solute moves out of the tubule which can make the fluid in the tubule dilute and after that in the think ascending limp which allows the solute to move in and again impermeable to water which is again making the fluid of tubule dilute, so the solute such as sodium chloride as the counter current mechanism get initiated it will allow the sodium chloride to move to the interstitial space which is preesnt within the kidney although this process is continuous which allows the counter current multiplier to generate the osmotic gradient.

Digestion:

Lipid is not actually the fat but it somehow resembles as the fat so also called as the fat like molecule with the characteristics that it does not get dissolved in water. so as the lipid are not dissolved in water they form the clump of large droplet of the fat when they are being engulf then they move through the digestive system but when this droplet reach to the small intestine then the digestion cannot take place unless and until the bile which is stored in the gall bladder mixes with the droplets which will having the emulsifier in the form of the bile salt then this emulsifier will break these large droplets into small one then after for the digestion of these lipids the the lipase enzyme usually called as pancreatic lipase is released by the pancrea and can result into the breakdown of the small lipid droplet into free fatty acid and monoglyceride.

Reproduction:

Ovulation is the process of the release of the eggs from the ovaries. so in human it usually occurs when the follicles of the female gets rupture by the ovarian cell. so as the ovulation takes place when the egg is released by the ovary it is ready to be fertilized by the sperm.

Microorganisms:

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