Each question is worth 10 marks. 1. Fill in the words or phrases that best compl

Question

Each question is worth 10 marks.

1.       Fill in the words or phrases that best complete each sentence. Be as specific as possible.

a. During embryonic development, ninety-nine percent of the cardiac fibers are specialized for the function called -- , whereas the remainder is specialized for -- .

b.      The action potential delay at the -- ensures that atrial excitation and contraction are complete before -- excitation and contraction commence.

c.       The -- is the volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed. An increase of this volume occurs when the stroke volume is -- .

d.      The three cations, K+, Ca2+, and Na+ have an important effect of heart function. Increased blood levels of Na+ blocks -- inflow and results in a decrease in the force of contraction, while an excess of -- blocks the generation of action potentials.

e.       An increase in parasympathetic activity has the following effect on stroke volume: -- . An increase in parasympathetic activity -- atrial contractility.

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

Fill in the words or phrases that best complete each sentence. Be as specific as possible.

a. During embryonic development, ninety-nine percent of the cardiac fibers are specialized for the function called contraction whereas the remainder is specialized for conduction .

b.      The action potential delay at the atrioventricular node ensures that atrial excitation and contraction are complete before -- excitation and contraction commence.

c.       The End-systolic volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed. An increase of this volume occurs when the stroke volume is decreasing/low .

d.      The three cations, K+, Ca2+, and Na+ have an important effect of heart function. Increased blood levels of Na+ blocks Ca2+ inflow and results in a decrease in the force of contraction, while an excess of K+ blocks the generation of action potentials.

e.       An increase in parasympathetic activity has the following effect on stroke volume: -- reduces .

An increase in parasympathetic activity increases atrial contractility.

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