Reflection Questions-Answer these to help prepare for next week\'s quiz! 1. Why

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Reflection Questions-Answer these to help prepare for next week's quiz! 1. Why is it that a genetic counselor is not able to determine with absolute certainty if a potential child will inherit a genetic disease? 2. How would a genetic counselor use Punnett squares and pedigrees to aid potential parents? What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele in determining phenotype? Are mutations always dominant versus recessive? Do mutations always lead to disease? 4. Mendel's law of segregation says that the alleles separate from each other during the formation of gametes. How does the Punnett square help you demonstrate this? In tomatoes, fruit color is controlled by a single gene. The red fruit allele is dominant over yellow fruited? the yellow fruit allele. A gardener has a heterozygous red-fruited tomato plant that she crosses with a yellow-fruited tomato. Draw a Punnett square that predicts the outcome of this cross. What proportion of tomato plants will be red fruited and what proportion will be yellow fruited? Baldness is a sex-linked recessive trait in humans. Men who inherit an X chromosome with the baldness allele will lose their hair. A mother that is heterozygous for baldness and a farther that is not that is not bald reproduce and have a son. What is the probability that this son will go bald? If the same two parents in the above question (6) have a second son, what is the probability that he will go bald? If they have a daughter, what is the probability that she will be a carries for the baldness gene? Lactase in an enzyme, and an enzyme is a protein. Where do cells get the instructions for making proteins? What happens if the instructions are changed and the shape of a protein is altered in some way?

Explanation / Answer

1.Genetic examintions can be utilised to make sure the presence of an eFAD gene in a patient who already has symptoms. Testing can also forecats who will grow the disease in the future.

2. punnett square : The Punnett square is a illustration that is utilised to foecast an result of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who concieved the approach. The illustration is utilised by biologists to explain the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype.

Pedigree :One way to record a family history is by drawing a family tree called a “pedigree.” A pedigree represents family members and relationships using standardized symbols. As patients relate data to you about their family history, a pedigree can be drawn much quicker than recording the information in writing and allows patterns of disease to emerge as the pedigree is drawn. Since the family history is continually changing, the pedigree can be easily updated on future visits.

3. The genes have different forms called alleles. An can be recessive or dominant. A recessive allele only shows if the individual has two copies of the recessive allele. For example, the allele for blue eyes is recessive.

For a recessive mutation to give rise to a mutant phenotype in a diploid organism, both alleles must comprises the mutation. but, one copy of a dominant mutant allele results to a mutant phenotype. Recessive mutations leads in a reduction of function,

Disease might be the result of a high penetrantion of mutation. A 100 percent penetrance means developing the disease is a certainty. But a great many disease causing genes have low penetrance.

4. Inheritance of traits of pea plants was studid by Gregor Mendel. Mendel demonstratred a model where pairs of specified traits. Genes are of various types , or alleles. A dominant allele shadows a recessive allele and explains the organism's outlook.

Genetics studies is very important in understanding how one can estimate the probability of inheriting specific traits. This can support plant and animal breeders in developing varieties that have many wanted qualities. It can also support people to determine and estimate patterns of inheritance in family lines.

One of the shortest processes to determine the mathematical likelihood of inheriting a perticular trait was discovered by an early 20th century English geneticist named Reginald Punnett. His method is utilised to invent Punnett square. This is a simple graphical representation of inventing all of the possible combinations of genotypes that can take place in infants, given the genotypes of their parents. It also indicates us the odds of each of the offspring genotypes taking place.

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