List general defense mechanisms against microorganisms. Explain the role of the

Question

List general defense mechanisms against microorganisms. Explain the role of the thymus gland. What is its life history? What is interferon? Complement? List the four major types of immunity and how they're acquired. What's the connection between AID's, Helper-T cells. Explain the roles of lymphocytes in the immune system. What is surfactant? What condition results in newborns if there is a deficiency. What are: tensils? Peyer's patches? Red pulp? White pulp? Explain the connection between mast cells and inflammation. List the volumes of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. What are capacities How is carbon dioxide carried in the blood? Explain the relationship between carbon dioxide production and pH. What is emphysema and how does it affect pH? List the divisions of the bronchial tree in order from largest to smallest. List the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in lungs, lung capillaries and tissues and tissue capillaries. Know how pepsinogen/pepsin, HCl, and intrinsic factor aid digestion in stomach. Which cells produce these? What is bile and what does it do? What is emulsification? What are the end products of digestion? What role does the large intestine play in digestion?

Explanation / Answer

26- The four different types of immunity are

Active immunity- Immunity derived from antibodies generated by own body. Generated in response to normal infection or in response to vaccine antigens.

Passive immunity- Immunity derived from antibodies from another body, such as given through mother's milk or artificial means (antivenom antibodies). Generally does not last as long as active immunity as antibodies are not supplied by the body.

Natural immunity - Antibodies generated due to a normal infection. Includes antibodies provided by mother through their colostrum, the initial breastmilk. Only protects for short time, but when infant is most vulnerable.

Artificial immunity - Antibodies generated by receiving antigen in a vaccine/serum rather than a normal infection. Generally does not last as long as when generate antibodies from a natural infection.

27-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) specifically attacks Helper T cells. Without an adequate supply of Helper T cells, the immune system cannot signal B cells to produce antibodies or Cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells. When HIV has critically depleted the Helper T cell population, the body can no longer launch a specific immune response and becomes susceptible to many opportunistic infections. This immunodeficiency is described in the name acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS

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