please print not handwriting Assignment for Nuclear Chemistry (from Power point)
ID: 1045011 • Letter: P
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Assignment for Nuclear Chemistry (from Power point) 1. 2. 3. 4. How is the nucleus affected by chemical and physical processes? Explain the letters Z, N and A with respect to the nucleus. Explain the concept isotope and give an example of three isotopes for the same atom. Calculate A, Z, and N for each of the following: a. 108 190 150 210 245 28 62 Sm 47 Ag 76 Os 5. What is the strong nuclear force? 6. Describe and give an example of 85 At 94 Pu 13 Al a. Alpha decay b. Beta decay c. Gamma decay 7. Explain and give an example of a chain decay. 8. Explain the statement that "Beta decay is reversible" 9, which #'s does Gamma decay change, A, Z or N? 10. With the aid of a diagram describe the three decay processes with respect to particle penetration 11. What is a radioisotope thermoelectric generator? 12. Give 5 applications of radioactive decay in everyday life. 13. With the aid of a diagram explain how a smoke detector works. 14. Complete each of the following nuclear reactions: 235 92 141 56 0 b. 235 92 137 52 e + 2 1 ?, 235 92 0 _55 0 235 92 140 54 0 15. Balance each of the following nuclear reactions:Explanation / Answer
Only the first five questions would be answered as per rules.
1. The atomic nucleus is very small when compared with the size of an atom, around 105 times smaller than an atom in diameter. It is present at the center of an atom and is surrounded by electrons. Hence there is a very little effect of surrounding physical and processes on the nucleus of an atom as it is well shielded inside. For eg: Freezing, boiling, condensation etc are some physical processes which do not affect the nucleus at all. Again, chemical processes involve a re-arrangement of electrons and has nothing to do with the nucleus.
2. Z represents the proton number. Proton number denotes the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom. It is also called as Atomic Number.
N represents the neutron number i.e the number of neutrons present inside the nucleus of an atom.
A represents the total number of neutrons and protons present inside the atomic nucleus i.e A = Z + N. It is also called as Mass Number.
For eg: Oxygen has Z = 8 i.e 8 protons
N = 8 i.e 8 neutrons
A = 16 i.e 16 (neutrons + protons)
3. Isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons in the nucleus but have different number of neutrons. Hence isotopes of an element have different value of A or mass number.
The various isotopes of an element show similar chemical properties since the number of electrons are the same for all. However they may show different physical properties. For eg: D2O has a higher boiling point than H2O. This is because bonds are stronger incase of D2O. Hence higher temperature is required to break the bonds in D2O resulting in a higher boiling point.
Eg: Hydrogen has three isotopes namely Protium (1 proton and 0 neutron in nucleus), Deuterium (1 proton and 1 neutron in nucleus) and Tritium (1 proton and 2 neutrons in nucleus). Hence the value of A for Protium, Deuterium and Tritium is 1,2 and 3 and are represented as 1H, 2H and 3H.
4. A nucleus is represented by AZX. where X is the symbol of the element, A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number.
10847 Ag : A = 108, Z = 47 , N = A - Z = 61
19076 Os : A = 190, Z = 76 , N = A - Z = 114
15062 Sm : A = 150, Z = 62 , N = A - Z = 88
21085 At : A = 210, Z = 85 , N = A - Z = 125
24594 Pu : A = 245, Z = 94 , N = A - Z = 151
2813 Al : A = 28, Z = 13 , N = A - Z = 15
5. Strong nuclear force is the strong force of attraction between the neutrons and protons that hold them together inside a nucleus.
A nucleus consists of the positively charged protons and the uncharged neutrons. Hence there is supposed to be huge repulsion acting between the protons that should make a nucleus unstable. But in reality it does not happen so. A nucleus is stabilised due to the strong nuclear forces. Nuclear force is a short range force i.e the protons and neutrons should be close enough to experience the nuclear force. Nuclear forces are always attractive. The attraction is created due to the exchange of particles called mesons. As long as the exchange of mesons happen, the strong attractive force keeps the nucleons bound together. This exchange happens only when the neutrons and protons are close together and gives a nucleus its stability.
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