Answer the following questions in full detail and include pictures POLYMERS RECO

Question

Answer the following questions in full detail and include pictures

POLYMERS RECOMMENDED READING R. E. Dickerson and I. Geis, The Structure and Action of Proteins, Harper and Row, Publishers, New York, 1969. A. E. Tonelli, Polymers from the Inside Out, Wiley Interscience, New York, 2001 STUDY QUESTIONS 1. Discuss the nature of the amide bond and its influence on conformation in polypeptides and proteins. (In answering this and most of the other questions listed below, a picture is worth a thousand words!) 2. Compare the chain conformations and types of crystal structures found in nylon 6 and silk. Include in your answer a discussion of the role of hydrogen bonding and other interactions. 3. What makes proline different from other amino acids? What role does it play in the structure of collagen? Describe how glycine

Explanation / Answer

1)

A peptide bond (amide bond) is a covalent chemical bond formed between two amino acid molecules.

The peptide bond is synthesized when the carboxyl group of one amino acid molecule reacts with the amino group of the other amino acid molecule, producing the release of a molecule of water (H2O), and the process is a dehydration synthesis reaction.

Significant delocalisation of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom gives the group a partial double bond character.

The partial double bond reduces the amide group planar, occurring in either the cis or trans isomers. In the unfolded state of proteins, the peptide groups are free to isomerize and accept both isomers; however, in the folded state, only a single isomer is adopted at each position

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