for special consideration. Please refer to the course Syllabus, posted on Blackb

Question

for special consideration. Please refer to the course Syllabus, posted on Blackboard, for additional information Introduction and Background: (If you have a strong background in science, you can probably skim this section quite a bit. However, if you are at all confused about hypothesis testing and the formulating of hypotheses, I hope you will find this helpful. Formulating hypotheses and developing study designs is a critical skill in environmental science, and will definitely show up on the Term Test and Final Exam.) Hypothesis testing is the backbone of science. Hypotheses can be thought of as provisional statements that propose a possible explanation for a particular observed phenomenon. In environmental science, we propose hypotheses and test hypotheses to understand patterns and relationships in nature, and also to understand the effects and consequences of human activities on the environment (positive, negative and neutral). All of the facts and concepts presented in the lectures and in the textbooks exist as the result of hypothesis testing. These are the current ideas about causal relationships, patterns and processes driving all kinds of natral and anthropogenic phenomena. As we will discuss in class, good hypotheses "breed-good hypotheses should give rise to more hypotheses that allow us to further develop our understanding of the world around us-sometimes building on a foundation of "current knowledge,' sometimes subverting a currently held view through a paradigm shift. Darwin (and Wallace's) Theory of Evolution via Natural Selection is a classic example of a paradigm shift in science Understanding how hypotheses are formulated and tested- and being able to sniff out the difference between "good" hypotheses and "bad" hypotheses- is important to everyone. If you plan to go further in science, this will be your bread and butter. However, non-scientists need to know this as well, because all kinds of good decision-making depends on the ability to understand how studies are designed, carried out, and interpreted. Consumer decisions, health-care decisions, voting decisions, etc. should be based on facts-and we need to know if those facts are reliable (i.e., if they are based on solid evidence derived from properly conducted science). For example, the so-called "ink" between autis m and vaccines came from a study so spectacularly flawed on so many levels (indeed, it was MacBook Air 2 5

Explanation / Answer

1. Using the newer OPFR in consumer grade fire retardents may cause neuralogical impairement like PDBEs which had been used previously in consumer grade fire retardents?

2. IF OPFR causes newuralogical imapirements then OPFRs are bad as phased out PDBEs.

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