A) A geologist, (Last name only) at the time of Darwin realized that processed a

Question

A) A geologist,   (Last name only) at the time of Darwin realized that processed acting now must have been acting in the past- we call this………………………    (The other geologist of that time we discussed was……………….. , last name only). The age of the Earth, now understood to be over…………………….    years or so, was not known during Darwin's day. Because of this, it wasn't clear how evolution could have acted to create the diversity of life on the Earth. Darwin himself studied how ……………………    was made by worms, in part to help understand this. The alternative hypothesis, that singular large events had shaped the Earth over a short time, was called ……………………….    .

B) Two scientists, …………………… and……………………… (last names only), proposed a simple model that would lead to the evolution of a living system. As discussed in class, the definition of "life" needs several things: a metabolism, reproduction, cells, and reaction to stimuli. However, for evolution, you need only…………………………. And…………………… . Two scientists decided to test the ability of conditions similar to the early Earth to see if they could get biotic precursors - they are ……………………..    and ………………..(last names only). Separately, …………………. looked at how membranes may have formed. The results of these experiments and others seem to suggest that life was, in fact, likely to evolve under conditions of the early earth. Remember, in the early earth's atmosphere, this element ……………………was scarce and it accumulated once this process………………………..    evolved. As the variety of organisms grew, new ………………….. Opened, leading to further complexity and interconnected systems. Remember……………………………    (Last name only), a contemporary of Darwin who studied in Malaysia- he was a devotee of the study of diversity in geographic regions known as ………………………… . While it might /look/ like complexity is inevitable, evolution is NOT directional- though the old principle of…………………    suggested that it was.

Explanation / Answer

theory of uniformitarianism

may be werner ( see who was discussed in your class)

4.6 billion years

vegetable mould

Catastrophism

James and Miller

reproduction and variation

Oparane and Haldane

Miller and Urey

oxygen

after Great oxidation event ( Photosynthesis)

oceans

Wallace

Wallace line

directional selection or natural selection

The answers are according to the sequence of blanks , please see the class material , for eg there are many contemporaneous scientist to Darwin

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