A nurse is caring for a 55-year-old man who has been admitted for dehydration se
ID: 121788 • Letter: A
Question
A nurse is caring for a 55-year-old man who has been admitted for dehydration secondary to vomiting. The priority nursing diagnosis was fluid volume deficit. The physical examination of the patient demonstrated dry mucous membranes, pulse of 110, blood pressure 100/60, R. 20. What are the two most important components of the equation for blood pressure? What is the formula for cardiac output? Using the formula for blood pressure and cardiac output, analyze why the patient in the above case has an increase in heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure. Analyze the impact of fluid loss on preload and afterload in the above patient.Explanation / Answer
1. Two most important components of blood pressure are - Diastolic blood pressure and Systolic blood pressure
2. Formula of cardiac output -
Q = HR × SV
where HR = heart rate
SV = stroke volume
Q = cardiac output
3. In Dehydration,there is a loss of bodily fluids.There is a deficiency of fluid in the blood which results in low blood pressure.
Low blood pressure exist against the blood vessel wall,the heart tries to increase in B.P.by beating rapidly.This results in increase of heart rate.
In the above mentioned case, the patient is having low B.P. 100/60 and increase pulse rate-110/min because of dehydration caused by the vomiting
4. There will be a decrease in the Preload and decrease in the afterload following the dehydration of the patient
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