Need help with question 1 810216 Prelab erencesMailings Review View A-A Membrane

Question

Need help with question 1 810216 Prelab erencesMailings Review View A-A Membranes Name: Lab section: 1. A pharmaceutical company has decided to produce a new topical drug that affects specific molecules in the cytosol of cells. In order to make the drug work as quickly as possible the chemists were told to make the drug as lipid-soluble/hydrophobic as possible. Explain why the chemists were told to do this. (4 pt) Making the drug lipid-soluble/hydrophobic allows it to be able to pass through the plasma membrane. It also ensures that the drug will be able to be broken down. Name 2 other characteristics that might also increase the rate of the drug's cell penetration, (6 pt) The rate of the drug's cell penetration could be increased 2. On August 5th 2015 water was released from Colorado's Gold King Mine into the Animas River. The rust-colored water contained a number of heavy metals and cyanide, a poison that blocks the ability of cells to utillize ATP. So environmentalists were very worried about the fish and other animals in the river in terms of membrane transport describe why would cyanide kill fish? What type(s) membrane transport processes would be un-effected? (10 pt) Cyanide would kill fish because it would prevent active transport because there is no energy due to the inability for the cells to use ATP. Passive transport processes would remain un-effected as no energy ls required for them to occur 3. All cells are under the influence of hydrostatic and osmotic pressures. Define these pressures. (2 pt) Osmotic pressure is the amount of force that is needed to stop osmosis from occurring. Hydrostatic pressure is pressurea fluid exerts at equillbrium How do these pressures affect the tonicity of the cell? (8 gt) These pressures can create hypertonic solutions isotonic solutions, or hypotonic solutions depending on the difference the cell. in pressure Inside the cell versus outside MacBook Air 8 0 0

Explanation / Answer

Answer 1: Many drugs passes from a membrane called plasma membrane which protect cellular organelle, maintaining fulidity, channelise chemical reactions occurs inside the cell, cell-to-cell communication. Passage of drug from cell membrane will finally reaches to their site of action. However, a common feature of cell mrmbrane is the presence ofphospholipid bilayer of about 10 nm thick, arranged in with the hydrophobic (lipophilic) chains facing inwards and hydrophobic heads present outside.

Plasma membrane surrounds cell with approximately 60% of lipids (phospholipids) and 40% of protein is present which mantins integrity of this membrane. As, lipid present in the membrane are amphipathic in nature with non-polar or hydrophobic tails facilitates those drugs which are highly hydrophobic or lipid soluble nature.

To increase the rate of penetration of drug plethora of factors increases called penetration enhancers were used which affects the efficacy of drug to penetrate. The factors such as physicochemical properties of drug (molecular weight of drug, ionization property of drug, and concentration gradient), rout and site of administration, solvent, and nature of vehicle. However, the chemist might told this because their is an chance of hydrophobic coated drug or lipid-soluble drug disintegration before reachinfg th its site of action.

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