Clinical Applications 1. A girl developed generalized seizures. A CT scan single

Question

Clinical Applications 1. A girl developed generalized seizures. A CT scan single brain lesion consistent with a tumor. Biopsy of showed a cysticercus. The patient lived in South Ca had never traveled outside the state. What parasite her disease? How is this disease transmitted? How m prevented? Carolina and caus might it be 2. A California farmer developed a low-grade fever, myalgia, and cough. A chest X-ray exam revealed an infiltrate in the lung. Microscopic examination of the sputum revealed round, budding cells. A sputum culture grew mycelia and arthroconidia. What organism is most likely the cause of the symptoms? How is this disease transmitted? How might it be prevented? 3. A teenaged male in California complained of remittent fever, chills, and headaches. A blood smear revealed ring-shaped cells in his red blood cells. He was successfully treated with primaquine and chloroquine. The patient lives near the San Luis Rey River and has no history of foreign travel, blood transfusion, or intravenous drug use. What is the disease? How was it acquired?

Explanation / Answer

1)CAUSE-The infection of NeuroCysticercosis is caused by Cysticerus cellulosae (Tapeworm,Also known as Taenia solium ).

TRANSMISSION-The disease is transmitted by eating uncooked, or poorly cooked contaminated meat, usually from pig and other animals. Pig is an intermediate host for T.solium. Eggs of tapeworm can hatch after entering human body, the tapework then moves to other muscles of body, it may enter the brain causing serious illness.

PREVENTION- No vaccines exist for this disease, precautions may be taken like-

2)CAUSE- The disease is most likely caused by fungus Coccidioides immitis. It causes the disease

Coccidioidomycosis also called Valey fever.

TRANSMISSION- The fungus grows in dry soil and releases its spore at its reproductive stage. The spores spread through winds and other means. Humans are usually infected by inhalation of contaminated air. People working near contaminated soil, construction are at risk. Once the spore enter the human lung they keep on spreading by producing endospores.

PREVENTION- No vaccine is available for this disease although Strong antifungal medicines may be used. Methods of Preventions are-

3)CAUSE-The disease is Malaria. It is caused Plasmodium species of protozoa. Plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum are the most prominent agents.

TRANSMISSION-Most cases of Malaria are due the bite of anopheles female mosquito, however it may also transfer through blood transfusion. Spores of Plasmodium protozoa are present in the saliva of mosquito. They enter humans by the bite. once inside humans they divide rapidly and display symptoms of disease.

PREVENTION- Vaccine for malaria is still under development, It may be prevented by-

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