Clinical Applications 1. A 40-year-old man who was seropositive for HIV ex erien
ID: 3504914 • Letter: C
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Clinical Applications 1. A 40-year-old man who was seropositive for HIV ex erienced abdominal pain, fatigue, and low-grade fever (38° ) fr A chest X-ray examination revealed lung infiltrates. Gra acid-fast stains were negative. A viral culture revealed t of his symptoms: a large, enveloped polyhedral virus with duse stranded DNA. What is the disease? Which virus causes it? Wh was a viral culture done after the Gram and acid-fast stain results weeks were obtained? 2. A newborn female developed extensive vesicular and ulcerative lesions over her face and chest. What is the most likely cause of her symptoms? How would you determine the viral cause of this disease without doing a viral culture? 3. By May 14, two people living in the same household had died within 5 days of each other. Their illnesses were characterized by abrupt onset of fever, muscle pain, headache, and cough, followed by the rapid development of respiratory failure. By the end of the year, 36 cases of this disease, with a 50% mortality rate, had been confirmed. A member of the Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, or Adenoviridae could cause this disease. Differentiate among milies by method of transmission, morphology, nucleic aci these an type of replication. The reservoir for this disease is mice. Namet he disease. (Hint: Refer to Chapter 23.)Explanation / Answer
1] The patient is HIV positive and is showing symptoms which point to other infections. He is not infected by bacteria as the results are negative for it. It seems that he is infected by Cytomegalovirus which is large, polyhedral, enveloped and has a double stranded DNA.
The disease he s suffering from Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis. The symptoms of this disease are generalised fatigue, low grade fever, abdominal pain and chest infection.
Gram and acid fast stains showed negative thus rulng out an infection by them. This led the doctors to test for a viral infection to find the cause of the infection.
2] The baby's skin infection can be classified as herpes zoster or herpes simplex which are caused by viruses.
The viral cause of the infection can be done by performing blood tests on the patient. The blood will test postive for the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies which will be directed at the target antigens.
3] Orthomyxoviridae have segmented, negative strand RNA genomes. They require an RNA- dependent RNA polymerase of viral origin for replication. The mode of infection is through air.
Bunyaviridae are a an order of negatve-sense-single stranded RNA virus. They are transmtted through vectors. They are enveloped and spherical in shape. Viral RNA replication is dependent on RNA dependent RNA-Polymerase.
Adenviridae are medum sized, non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containng a double-stranded DNA genome. They are also vector borne and their hosts are mostly vertebrates.
The adenovirus genome s linear and double stranded. It relies heavily on the host cell for survival and replication. They use the host's replication machinery and replicate in the nucleus of the host.
Adenovrus can be transmitted by respiratory droplets and also by fecal routes.
The symptoms n the patients point to nfection by Adenoviridae. Adenovirus cause pneumonia, croup and bronchtis leading to respiratory failure and death f not treated on time.
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