11. Refer to Fig. 16.15 \"Independent assortment of genes in different chromosom
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11. Refer to Fig. 16.15 "Independent assortment of genes in different chromosomes" (p. 338) for this question. During anaphase I, the chromosome with the "A" allele moves to one end of the cell, while the chromosome with the "a" allele moves to the other end of the cell; similarly, the chromosome with the "B" alleles moves to the opposite side of the cell as the chromosome with the "b" allele. This is referred to as metaphase plate, while the "a and "b" alleles are on the other side of the metaphase plate. Alternatively, it is possible that the chromosomes could align such that the "a" and "B" alleles are on one side of the metaphase plate while the "A" and "b" alleles are on the other side of the metaphase plate. This is referred to as O segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes and alleles; independent assortment of chromosomes and alleles During metaphase I, the chromosomes could align such that the "A" and "B" alleles are on one side of the both phenomena are referred to as independent assortment of chromosomes and alleles independent assortment of chromosomes and alleles; segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes and alleles O both phenomena are referred to as segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes and allelesExplanation / Answer
10. Long-eared owls when mated with true breeding short-eared owls all the offspring were short-eared. In this case which of both short-eared or long-eared trait is not mentioned as a dominant trait and hence one has to consider two scenarios wherein one case short ear is dominant and vice versa.
Longear is represented by E and if they are true breeding EE
The short ear is represented by e and if they are true breeding ee
A cross between these two should ideally result in either short or long-eared considering which is dominant. since based on the result the offspring are all short one can say that the genotype of the short-eared owls is EE and long-eared are ee and conclude that short-eared is the dominant trait.
11. During anaphase, I the maternal and paternal chromosomes are randomly pulled towards two ends of cells and later during Metaphase I the chromosomes are brought together in such a way that loci of two alleles of genes are arranged side-by-side and this is called alignment and this is the independent assortment of chromosome and alleles.
12. The condition has a recessive inheritance pattern which means that only if the individual has two recessive alleles the traits of the condition are not expressed.
Recessive allele - g
Mother genotype is gg
Father genotype is GG
The offspring genotype is Gg and the phenotype is dominant since only one recessive allele is received from the mother.
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