Which group of organisms belong under the prokaryotic umbrella? 2 2 Which group

Question

Which group of organisms belong under the prokaryotic umbrella? 2 2 Which group of organisms belong under the eukaryotic umbrella? How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes similar and different? What is the purpose of heat fixing the bacteria to the slide? What are the types of bacterial morphology? What are the types of cellular arrangement? What is the cellular morphology and cell arrangement of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. How are the cyanobacteria different from "regular" bacteria? What is the cellular arrangement of the cyanobacteria and how do they reproduce? What are heterocysts and in which organism are they found? To which group of organisms does Paramecium belong? Be able to draw and label a paramecium. How do fungi obtain nutrients? Do fungi contain chlorophyll? What are the cell walls of fungi made of? Be able to draw and label/identify parts of the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer Why are the cells of Elodea green? Where is starch stored in potato cells? 4-15

Explanation / Answer

(1) There are two prokaryotic domains (a) Bacteria (b) Archea . In Bacteria there are Five groups ; proteobacteria ,chlamydias, spirochetes, cyano bacteris and gram positive bacteria. On the other hand for Archea there are Four groups ; Euryarchaeota , crenarchaeota, nanoarchaeota, korarchaeota.

(2)All organism except bacteria , algae and E.coli are categorized into eukaryotes .All types of groups belonging from protista,fungi .plantae ,animalia belongs to eukaryotes.

(3)(a) Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

(i) Both have same lipid bilayer cell membrane structure that protects the cell

(ii) Both have a genetic material as DNA to carry the information generation to generation

(iii) Both contains ribosome to synthesize protein

(b)Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

(i) Eukaryotic cell is larger (10-100um) than prokaryotic cell(1-10um)

(ii) In eukaryotic cell the genetic material is surrounded by nuclear membrane but incase of prokaryotic cell DNA are scattered.

(iii) Eukaryotic DNA are highly packaged with 'histone' protein and form chromosome

but prokarytic DNA is simply circular neither packaged nor organized into chromosome structure.

(iv) Eukaryotes contain membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria,lysosome,golgi bodied,peroxisome,ER etc...On the other hand in prokaryotes there are only vacuoles and ribosome are scattered through out the cytoplasm.

(v) the size of the ribosome in prokarytotes is 70s while incase of eukaryotes the ribosome size is 80 s

(4) In some staining protocols slided is to be required to heat fixed,the purposes are

..to kill the microbes

...makes the microbes more permeable to stain

....to fix the microbes to the slide

(5) There are four basic types of bacterial morphology --- bacillus (rod like shape ,ex- bacillus anthracis) , coccus ( spherical or ovoid shape ,ex-diplococcus pneumonae) ,vibrio ( comma shape ,ex- vibrio cholerae) and spirilla ( spiral or helical shaped )

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