o. Intrasexual selection p. Population q. Relative fitness r. Sexual dimorphism

Question

o. Intrasexual selection p. Population q. Relative fitness r. Sexual dimorphism s. Sexual selection t. Stabilizing selection Give an example of how genotype and environment affect an individual's phenotype. 3. 2. Explain why natural selection depends on variation in inherited traits. 4. What are the sources of genetic variation? 5. What characterizes traits that are determined by a single gene and traits that are determined b multiple genes? Give an example of each. 6. What processes can change the frequency of alleles in a gene pool? 7. Why are small populations more at risk from genetic drift? 8. Give examples of the founder effect and the bottleneck effect. 9. What does natural selection actually affect (hint: the frequency of 10. Compare and contrast disruptive, directional, and stabilizing selection. 11. How can sexual selection lead to sexual dimorphism? 12. Compare intrasexual selection and intersexual selection. 13. How is genetic variation preserved in populations? 14. What are the two types of balancing selection? Give an example of each. 15. Do organisms or populations evolve? Explain (think about the example of beak size in g finches). 16. Make up examples of the three modes of selection. 17. Why can't natural selection fashion perfect organisms? 18. What is the difference between an allele and a genotype? adetiraton

Explanation / Answer

2. Genotype can be defined as the genetic constitution or make up of a particular individual. Phenotype can be defined as the morphological and biochemical constituents of an individual. Phenotype is a function of both genotype and environmental factors. Differences in phenotype due to genotype occurs as a result of the alternative forms of the same gene controlling traits known as alleles. One of them is a dominant allele while the other is recessive. So, accordingly the phenotype of an individual varies based on the pair of alleles derived from the parents. An example of this would be eye colour. For example, if brown eyed trait is dominant over blue eyed trait, then the individual homozygous as well as heterozygous for the trait would have brown eye colour. Whereas, only recessive pair of alleles would code for blue eye colour.

Environmental factors are a culmination of many individual ones like diet, climate, stress etc. This together affects the phenotype of an organism. For example, if genetically identical twins are fet with different amounts of food, where one gets a balanced diet whereas other lacks the latter, then there would be differences in body weight which is a phenotypical variation.

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