17. What is citizen science? a) Science projects in which scientists study citiz

Question

17. What is citizen science? a) Science projects in which scientists study citizen b) Science project in which citizens are trained to become scientists in the future c) Science projects in which the public participates by collecting data, analyzing data, or participating as subjects d) Science projects in which scientists study the nature of being a good citizen

18. When considering the evolutionary tree of life and the three domains of life, which statement best describes what likely happened over the course of millions of years of evolution? Choose one:

A. Bacterial and eukaryotic cells are more closely related to each other than to archaeans, as evidenced by the fact that bacteria and eukaryotes do not inhabit the most extreme environments.
B. Although their cell structures are very different, archaean and eukaryotic cells are more closely related to each other than to bacteria, as evidenced by the fact that Bacteria was the first domain to split from the shared ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya.

C. Bacteria and archaeans are more closely related to each other than to eukaryotes, as evidenced by their cell structures. Bacteria and archaeans are prokaryotic, while all eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles.
D. The three domains of life are equally divergent from one another, so no two domains are more closely related to each other. This is supported by the evolutionary tree of life because three branches extend from one node millions of years ago.

Explanation / Answer

Citizen science is non-professional researchers conducting research.For example in 2011 there was a game called Foldit.This game allowed people to model proteins.So,researchers tried for 15 years to solve the mason Pfizer monkey virus by folding a protein.After 15 years they couldn't do it.They released the problem to the publc.Over 236000 regular people who donot have advanced degrees in this field got on board by modeling protein and solved this problem in 3 weeks.So the answer is

C)Science projects in which the public participates by collecting data,analyzing data or participating as subjects.

In the past organisms are classified according to five king dom classification.Recently molecular techniques have provided new insights into the relationships among organisms.We have three domian system:Bacteria,Archaea and Eukarya.Last unviversal common ancestor would be LUCA.The common characteristics shared by all three of them are they are made up of cells and genetic material,cell membranes or plasma membranes and ribosomes and cytosol or cytoplasm.But Eukarya have nucleus,organells. Bacteria has peptidoglycan.Archae bacteria live in incredibly harsh environments.When Scientists considered all the characteristics of Archea,bacteria and Eukarya they found that Eukaryotes and Archaea are more related.Hence answer is

B)Although their cell structures are very different,archeans and eukaryotes are more closely related to each other than to bacteria,as evidenced by the fact that Bacteria was the first domain to split from the shared ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya

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