Question 4 (7 points) - Answer one of the following two options. Option A: Relat

Question

Question 4 (7 points) - Answer one of the following two options. Option A: Relate the structure of soap to how it functions. Part 1. Draw a simple model illustrating the important structural/chemical aspects of soap molecules. Part 2. Explain how these soap molecules remove oil from your hands. Part 3. After you have answered the questions above from memory, research how soap is made (at least in the old days) and summarize what you learned in one or two sentences (describe the substrates and products in making soap, and whether the conversion of substrate into product (soap) involves dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis, or neither). Option B: Relate the structure of various triglycerides and polysaccharides to their various functions. Part 1. Explain the structural differences between the multiple polysaccharides used by plants and the primary polysaccharide used by animals, and then relate these structural differences to physiological differences between plants and animals (i.e. explain the physiological significance of these structural differences). Part 2. Explain the structural differences between the triglycerides used by plants and animals, and relate these structural differences to physiological differences among various plants and animals. Be sure your answer explains similarities and differences among tropical plants, temperate plants, fish and mammals.

Explanation / Answer

Option B: Relate the structure of various triglycerides and polysaccharides to their various functions.

Part 1

the structural polymers of monosaccharides in plants namely cellulose from the most common polysaccharide seen in humans, plants and animals i.e. starch.

In starch the monomers of glucose are linked by alpha-glycosidic bonds, while in cellulose the glucose monomers are bonded by beta-glycosidic bonds.

Cellulose is found abundantly in plants, so plants (wood) is the main source of cellulose in the industry. This cellulose can only be degraded by cellulase enzymes.

Glycogen is found mainly in animals, it used as an energy storage molecule and is mainly stored in muscle tissues. The glucose monomers in glycogen are linked linearly by alpha(1-4) glycosidic bonds.

Cellulose forms a solid structure in plants. As, we know that plants don't have skeleton, therefore cellulose fills that void by giving the structural framework to it. So, in a way we can say that it is due to the polysaccharides we can see plants standing , it acts as a backbone to the plants.

Part 2

Overall the structure of triglycerides in plants and animals are same only. In plants the triglycerides is found in it's oil whille in animals triglycerides is located in fat cells.

Although similar in structure to the phospholipids that build cell membranes, triglycerides are completely hydrophobic, due to this it cannot mix with water, therefore they do not get integrated with the membranes.

The fats in marine animals helps to insulate them also helps them to maintain buoyancy. Fish oil is also a major source of triglycerides and usually comprise high concentrations of long chain monoenoic and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially those of the omega-3 biosynthetic family.

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