Society is susceptible to disease outbreaks associated with drinking water even

Question

Society is susceptible to disease outbreaks associated with drinking water even with a multitude of successful treatment technologies. Disease surveillance is conducted and reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to better understand and predict disease occurrence associated with drinking water and its treatment. Identify the following using the appropriate disease surveillance report for drinking water and other non-recreational water (don’t forget to cite the report):

g. the etiology most commonly associated with outbreak-related cases of illness from drinking water in the United States in 2013-2014,

h. the predominant illness associated with outbreak related cases of illness from drinking water in the United States in 2013-2014,

i. the water source most commonly associated with outbreak related cases of illness from drinking water in the United States in 2013-2014,

j. the deficiency most commonly associated with drinking water outbreaks in the United States in 2013 – 2014

Explanation / Answer

g-ETIOLOGY-: the cause of a disease or abnormal condition. the following are examples of extrinsic factors: Infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

During 2013-2014, the CDC received 42 reports of disease outbreaks in the United States related to drinking water, with 57% of them linked to Legionella, the bacterium that causes legionnaires disease, according to recent findings.The first of the reports indicates that in 2013 and 2014, chemicals, pathogens, or toxins caused 42 distinct drinking-water-associated outbreaks in 19 states which were then reported to the CDC. (Obviously there may have been others which went unreported.) Even more troubling: these reports do not include cases of lead contamination such as those seen in Flint, Michigan, so these higher numbers exclude that case and cases like it.

h- During 2013–2014, 42 drinking water–associated† outbreaks were reported, accounting for at least 1,006 cases of illness, 124 hospitalizations, and 13 deaths.

i- Cryptosporidium, Pseudomonas, and Giardia, including six outbreaks of giardiasis caused by ingestion of water from a river, stream, or spring. Water management programs can effectively prevent outbreaks caused by environmental exposure to water from human-made water systems, while proper point-of-use treatment of water can prevent outbreaks caused by ingestion of water from natural water systems.

j- deficiencies associated with outbreaks in 2013–2014. Using available data, each outbreak is assigned to one or more deficiency classifications. For example, for outbreaks caused by Legionella, the bacteria were identified inside building (“premise”) plumbing systems.Regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act, and supported by a network of federal, state, tribal, and local governments and utilities, the US drinking water community is widely recognized as providing one of our nation’s most significant public health advances.

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