Chapter 3 Uses of Titanium ENRICHMENT Silicon Rend the fllowing information and
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Chapter 3 Uses of Titanium ENRICHMENT Silicon Rend the fllowing information and ansver the questions Like titanium, the element silicon has proper- ties that make it valuable for industrial uses Also like titanium, silicon is found in sand; in licon. Silicon with impurities such as p-type luminum or boron can take on a few electrons It is called n-type silicon. A flow of electrons passing from one atom to another results in an fact, silicon dioxide, in which silicon is com- bined with oxygen, is the main ingredient in sand (as well as in many minerals that make up rocks). Overall silicon is the second most abun- Semiconductors are useful because the flow of electrons can be controlled. Semiconductors in dant element on Earth. In nature it is usually combined with oxygen as silicon dioxide. Lava that flows from some volcanoes is also mainly solar cells can change light into electricity. Solar cells are made up of both p-type and n-type sili- con. Light hitting the cell reaches the silicon and silicon dioxide. Silicon is a semiconductor, a material that con- ducts electricity better than insulators like glass, to fill the holes. The movement of electrons knocks free electrons from p-type silicon. Elec- trons from atoms in the n-type silicon move in but not as well as conductors like copper. silicon would be an insulator, a material that Pure causes an electric current to flow out of the cell. Semiconductors also are important in making electrons. But silicon with just the right amount of certain impurities, such as arsenic or phos- phorus, has a few free electrons. It is called cannot conduct electricity, because it has no free transistors and integrated circuits or microchips. Silicon chips are used in computers and calcula- tors. Transistors amplify electric signals.Explanation / Answer
The valence electrons in silicon atom is 4 and when it is doped (the process of adding the impurities usually pentavalent or trivalent in nature) with an atom having 5 electrons in its valence shell( pentavalent atom) is doped it creates an extra electrons as 4 electrons of silicon will form bond with four electrons of impurity and we get a n type semiconductor. Similarly if trivalent atom is added as impurity it causes creation of the hole as 3 bonds were made but one electron of silicon will remain unbonded and we’ll get a p type semiconductor.
This extra electron or hole will help a semiconductor to convert the sun energy into electricity as when the sun’s energy falls on the p type semiconductor knocks the free electron present in it and thus electron deficiency is foiled by the extra electron of n type semiconductor and thus movement of electrons will take place which constitutes electricity.
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