Gene frequencies in small populations changes at different rates than in large p
ID: 163951 • Letter: G
Question
Gene frequencies in small populations changes at different rates than in large populations. How does each of the following processes (1. selection, 2. migration, 3. genetic drift, 4. inbreeding, 5. new mutations per individual, 6. new mutations per generation in the whole population. 7. substitution of a new mutation for an old one, and 8. fixation of a new mutation) tend to vary in speed and effects in small versus large populations (assume the typical relationships between population size and generation time).
Please help me with 1-8. Thank you!
Explanation / Answer
Gene frequency and :
1. selection- natural selection reduces gene frequency. This is because natural selection would select for the individuals that are best fit for the environment and eliminate the weaker alleles , gradually.
2. migration- emigration reduces gene frequency as it is an act of people leaving the country. On the other immigration increases gene frequency as there is inflow of genes.
3. genetic drift- would increase gene frequencies, as they are random changes introduced in the population , thus they would result in random changes in the gene population, thus increasing gene frequency.
4. inbreeding - inbreeding is the breeding between closely related individuals, thus there would be an ultimate neutrality in gene frequency. Since there would be no mating with any individual out of the same clan , there would be no new genes introduced in the population, thus the same genes would be getting recycled, thus a stability in the gene frequency with no new changes. Although there are chances that some of the genes might get OST due to increased inbreeding with every generation.
5. new mutations per individual - would reduce an increase in the alleluia frequency , as with every new individual there is going to be a new mutation, leading to an introduction of a new allele , thus an increase in allelic frequencies.
6. new mutations per generation in the whole population- this would also lead to an increase in the allelic populations, but the change would be observed not after one , but more than one generation, with a constant increase in the change in allelic frequencies at the end of a few number of generations.
7. substitution of a new mutation for an old one- substitution mutations do not cause a drastic drift in allelic frequency , as a mutation has already been introduced prior, thus , since the earlier mutation would be replaced / substituted by a new one , the allelic frequency would remain same.
8. fixation of a new mutation- Fixation of a mutation results in a decease in the gene pool . Ultimately, only one mutation is going to survive and remain in the population, thus , a decrease in the population.
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