Please note that the lit review is to be conducted from one primary literature d

Question

Please note that the lit review is to be conducted from one primary literature document that you find and that is on the topic: cell signaling of hyaline cartilage, in a context of bioengineering. You may not use a review, although you might read a few reviews before selecting your paper of choice since a quality review will list many primary lit sources from which you could pick 1 page limit, single spaced, font size 11, 1 inch margins. Cell Signaling Controlling Hyaline Cartilage Formation and Homeostasis: Bioengineering Knee Replacements. Describe the current state of the state of the topic of knee joint replacement? What are the current areas of need (the black holes of knowledge)? Who are the 2-3 major players in the field (academic and biotech) and what are they working on? Citation

Explanation / Answer

1. Knee join replacement

Current status shows a very good sign of knee join replacement as it is one of the most successfully carried out surgeries in the US . The number of primary knee join replacements have increased drastically giving a total increment of 38% since 1996 , with the number still increasing in present . Research is actively going on in the same field with current research focusing on increased longevity of the implant along with increased function of the same. New advances have been made that include more wear-resistant bearing surfaces, porous metals to enhance osteointegration and replace lost bone stock, a clearer understanding of the biological processes associated with periprosthetic osteolysis. Efficacy of these new techniques are still under study.

2. Current areas of need

The current areas of need of research is basically for the efficacy of these highly advanced techniques and lab testing and subject testing in order to prove the efficacy. More understanding is required for periprosthetic osteolysis and computer assisted surgeries. Also, minimal invasive surgery is under study.

3. Major companies for knee replacement and their work

The advancement is is such that companies are now making 3D models of the knee structures of the patients and are working towards making customised blocks specific to patients.

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