QUESTION 1 What does the term \"crossing over\" mean? It describes the act of a
ID: 164590 • Letter: Q
Question
QUESTION 1
What does the term "crossing over" mean?
It describes the act of a cell dividing into two cells during cytokinesis.
It is when segments of homologues are swapped with each other.
It is what occurs during anaphase I when chromosomes are moved from the equator to the poles of the cell.
It is when all the chromosomes align at the equator of the cell.
It describes the act of a cell going from being diploid to haploid.
1 points
QUESTION 2
Which of the following is a true statement about histones?
They are found in chromosomes.
They function to ensure that the DNA remains uncoiled so that it doesn't form knots.
They are made from carbohydrates.
All of the above are true.
None of the above is true.
1 points
QUESTION 3
True or False? A human skin cell has less chromosomes than a human muscle cell because a skin cell is less complex and doesn't use as many genes.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 4
In prokaryotic cells, the DNA...
is found in multiple strands that must be evenly divided during mitosis.
never replicates.
is made of carbohydrates.
is made of protein.
forms a loop which is attched to the plasma membrane.
1 points
QUESTION 5
Which of the following occur in metaphase of mitosis?
The cell divides into two cells.
Spindle fibers disappear.
The nucleus breaks down.
Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward each of the poles of the cell.
Sister chromatids align at the equator of the cell with each one facing a different pole.
1 points
QUESTION 6
Why would it be incorrect to say that an organism has half of its genome?
It wouldn't be incorrect; no organism has a complete genome.
Because genomes are only found in humans.
Because not all organisms are able to do mitosis.
Because not all organisms are able to do meiosis.
Because by definition, an organism's genome is all of the genetic material that it has.
1 points
QUESTION 7
Which statement about independent assortment is true?
Independent assortment occurs during both metaphase of both meiosis I and meiosis II.
Independent assortment occurs during metaphase of mitosis.
Independent assortment ensures that each daughter cell will be genetically identical.
Independent assortment occurs in interphase.
Independent assortment only occurs during metaphase I.
1 points
QUESTION 8
In genetics, what does "n" stand for?
The number of X chromosomes that a cell has (women = "2n"; men = 1"n")
It stands for "nucleus". Cells with only one nucleus are said to be "1n" while those with two nuclei are said to be "2n".
A complete set of chromosomes.
The stage of meiosis that is occurring (Meiosis I = "1n"; Meiosis II = "2n").
The number of times a cell will divide (1 for mitosis; 2 for meiosis).
1 points
QUESTION 9
Which of the following is a true statement about mitosis?
It occurs in humans, making approximately 25 new cells every second.
It only occurs when making gametes (sperm and eggs).
It occurs after DNA replication has occurred.
It results in four genetically identical daughter cells.
It results in two genetically different daughter cells.
1 points
QUESTION 10
What are homologues?
The area of a chromosome where it attaches to sister chromatids and spindle fibers.
Daughter cells that are not genetically identical.
Identical copies of the same chromosome, made during DNA replication.
Chromosomes from different parents, which code for the same types of characteristics.
All of the chromosome in a cell.
1 points
QUESTION 11
In humans, a diploid cell...
has 23 chromosomes in total.
is only found in an ovary or testicle.
is any cell with two nuclei.
is the end result of meiosis.
has two sets of chromosomes; one set from each parent.
1 points
QUESTION 12
During anaphase II, which of the following occur?
All of the above are true.
None of the above is true.
Sister chromatids are separated and pulled by spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell.
Homologue pairs are separated and pulled by spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell.
Crossing over occurs.
a.It describes the act of a cell dividing into two cells during cytokinesis.
b.It is when segments of homologues are swapped with each other.
c.It is what occurs during anaphase I when chromosomes are moved from the equator to the poles of the cell.
d.It is when all the chromosomes align at the equator of the cell.
e.It describes the act of a cell going from being diploid to haploid.
Explanation / Answer
What does the term "crossing over" mean?
a. It describes the act of a cell dividing into two cells during cytokinesis. Incorrect. Act of cell division is called mitosis or meiotic.
b. It is when segments of homologues are swapped with each other. Correct: Chromosome pairing during prophase I of meiosis involves crossing over- during which two chromosomes exchange DNA segment.
c. It is what occurs during anaphase I when chromosomes are moved from the equator to the poles of the cell. Incorrect. It occurs during prophase I
d. It is when all the chromosomes align at the equator of the cell. Incorrect. Aligning at equator occurs in metaphase. Crossing over occurs in prophase 1.
e.
It describes the act of a cell going from being diploid to haploid. Incorrect. See b.
QUESTION 2
Which of the following is a true statement about histones?
a.
They are found in chromosomes. Correct. DNA+ Histones = Chromosome
b.
They function to ensure that the DNA remains uncoiled so that it doesn't form knots. Incorrect. It coils DNA
c.
They are made from carbohydrates. Incorrect. Made up of proteins.
d.
All of the above are true. Incorrect.
e.
None of the above is true. Incorrect.
QUESTION 3
True or False? A human skin cell has less chromosomes than a human muscle cell because a skin cell is less complex and doesn't use as many genes. False
True
False
All somatic cells (skin cells, muscle cells, kidney cells, heart cells, rod cells, etc) have equal number of chromosomes in them.
QUESTION 4
In prokaryotic cells, the DNA...
a.
is found in multiple strands that must be evenly divided during mitosis. Incorrect. Made single strand (single, circular chromosome).
b.
never replicates. Incorrect. Replicates during binary fission or conjugation.
c.
is made of carbohydrates. Incorrect. Made up of nucleotides.
d.
is made of protein. Incorrect. Made up of nucleotides.
e.
forms a loop which is attched to the plasma membrane. Correct. Made single strand (single, circular chromosome- forms a loop).
QUESTION 5
Which of the following occur in metaphase of mitosis?
a.
The cell divides into two cells. Incorrect. Division occurs in telophase.
b.
Spindle fibers disappear. Incorrect. In telophase.
c.
The nucleus breaks down. Incorrect. In prophase.
d.
Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward each of the poles of the cell. Incorrect. In Anaphase
e.
Sister chromatids align at the equator of the cell with each one facing a different pole. Correct. The sister chromatids align at equator (metaphase plate).
QUESTION 6
Why would it be incorrect to say that an organism has half of its genome?
a.
It wouldn't be incorrect; no organism has a complete genome. Incorrect. All organisms have complete genome- required for their life cycle.
b.
Because genomes are only found in humans. Incorrect. All sexually reproducing organisms including all animals and plant form gametes.
c.
Because not all organisms are able to do mitosis. Incorrect. All organism do mitosis or similar division process that does not reduces chromosome number by half in daughter cells.
d.
Because not all organisms are able to do meiosis. Incorrect. It’s true that Not all organisms are able to do meiosis. BUT it’s NOT the correct explanation. The genome means “a complete set of chromosomes in an organism (n)”.
e.
Because by definition, an organism's genome is all of the genetic material that it has. Correct. For example- Fungi has “haploid genome”. This haploid genome represents a “complete set of chromosome” – the set being called genome. An organism with half or its genome (n/ 2) will not survive. Note that haploid (n) is NOT equivalent of half-genome (n/2). A haploid organism lives but half-genome organism does not.
1 points
QUESTION 7
Which statement about independent assortment is true?
a.
Independent assortment occurs during both metaphase of both meiosis I and meiosis II. Correct- chromosomes align at metaphase plate during metaphase I and II. Once alignment is complete- segregation occurs in anaphase following it. [The most appropriate answer among the listed options.]
b.
Independent assortment occurs during metaphase of mitosis. Incorrect- No independent assortment during mitosis. It occurs during meiosis only.
c.
Independent assortment ensures that each daughter cell will be genetically identical. Incorrect- The daughter cells are genetically different.
d.
Independent assortment occurs in interphase. Incorrect- see a
e.
Independent assortment only occurs during metaphase I. Incorrect- see a
QUESTION 8
In genetics, what does "n" stand for?
a.
The number of X chromosomes that a cell has (women = "2n"; men = 1"n"). Incorrect.
b.
It stands for "nucleus". Cells with only one nucleus are said to be "1n" while those with two nuclei are said to be "2n". Incorrect.
c.
A complete set of chromosomes. Correct. See 6.d
d.
The stage of meiosis that is occurring (Meiosis I = "1n"; Meiosis II = "2n"). Incorrect.
e.
The number of times a cell will divide (1 for mitosis; 2 for meiosis). Incorrect.
QUESTION 9
Which of the following is a true statement about mitosis?
a.
It occurs in humans, making approximately 25 new cells every second. Incorrect.
b.
It only occurs when making gametes (sperm and eggs). Incorrect. Meiosis produces gametes
c.
It occurs after DNA replication has occurred. Correct. Mitosis phase occurs after DNA synthesis has completed.
d.
It results in four genetically identical daughter cells. Incorrect. Only 2 daughter cells
e.
It results in two genetically different daughter cells. Incorrect. Identical daughter cell
QUESTION 10
What are homologues?
a.
The area of a chromosome where it attaches to sister chromatids and spindle fibers. Incorrect. It’s pair of homologues chromosomes.
b.
Daughter cells that are not genetically identical. Incorrect. No correlation with term.
c.
Identical copies of the same chromosome, made during DNA replication. Incorrect. Identical copies of chromosomes are called sister chromatids.
d. Chromosomes from different parents, which code for the same types of characteristics. Correct. A pair of chromosome from each parent that pair during prophase I of meiosis are called homologues. Chromosome from mother may have same or different alleles when compared to the father’s chromosome in the pair.
e.
All of the chromosome in a cell. Incorrect. Identical , see d.
QUESTION 11
In humans, a diploid cell...
a.
has 23 chromosomes in total. Incorrect. Haploid = n = 23. Diploid means, 2n = 46 chromosome.
b.
is only found in an ovary or testicle. Incorrect. These are haploid.
c.
is any cell with two nuclei. Incorrect. Have one nucleus per cell
d.
is the end result of meiosis. Incorrect. Meiosis produces haploid cells
e.
has two sets of chromosomes; one set from each parent. Correct.
QUESTION 12
During anaphase II, which of the following occur?
a.
All of the above are true.
b.
None of the above is true.
c.
Sister chromatids are separated and pulled by spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell. Correct- sister chromatids are separated during anaphases II. Homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I.
d.
Homologue pairs are separated and pulled by spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell. Incorrect. . Homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I.
e.
Crossing over occurs. Incorrect. Crossing over occurs during prophase I, meiosis I.
a. It describes the act of a cell dividing into two cells during cytokinesis. Incorrect. Act of cell division is called mitosis or meiotic.
b. It is when segments of homologues are swapped with each other. Correct: Chromosome pairing during prophase I of meiosis involves crossing over- during which two chromosomes exchange DNA segment.
c. It is what occurs during anaphase I when chromosomes are moved from the equator to the poles of the cell. Incorrect. It occurs during prophase I
d. It is when all the chromosomes align at the equator of the cell. Incorrect. Aligning at equator occurs in metaphase. Crossing over occurs in prophase 1.
e.
It describes the act of a cell going from being diploid to haploid. Incorrect. See b.
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