Nursing/ pre med question: Ty is a 24 year old male. He recently began experienc
ID: 167791 • Letter: N
Question
Nursing/ pre med question:
Ty is a 24 year old male. He recently began experiencing testicular swelling without pain. He noted the presence of a small mass but could not recall any trauma or reason for the swelling. When the swelling did not subside he became worried. A trip to the doctors and a few tests later revealed he had testicular cancer.
1)What factors are included in the etiology of testicular cancer?
2)How is testicular cancer treated?
3)What is the incident rate of testicular cancer in general? Among those in Ty’s age bracket?
Explanation / Answer
Some factors which may raise a man's risk of developing testicular cancer include:
1) Cryptorchidism (undescended testicle)
Testicles usually descend from the inside of the abdomen into the sack of testicles ( the word is barred from usage in chegg) before a baby boy is born. If a testicle has not moved down when a male is born there is a greater risk that he will develop testicular cancer later on.
2) Congenital abnormalities
Males born with abnormalities of the penis, kidneys or testicles have a higher risk.
3) Inguinal hernia
Males born with a hernia in the groin area have a higher risk than others.
4) Having had testicular cancer
If a male has had testicular cancer he is more likely to develop it in the other testicle, compared to a man who has never had testicular cancer.
5) Family history
A male who has a close relative - sibling or father - with testicular cancer is more likely to develop it himself compared to other men.
6) Abnormal testicular development
Conditions, such as Klinefelter's syndrome, where the testicles do not develop normally, may increase a person's risk of testicular cancer.
7) Mumps orchitis
This is an uncommon complication of mumps in which one or both testicles become inflamed. This painful complication can also raise a male's risk of developing testicular cancer later on.
8) Race
Testicular cancer is more common among Caucasian males, compared to men of African or Asian descent. Highest rates are found in Scandinavia, Germany and New Zealand.
Testis cancer is most frequently diagnosed among men aged 20-34.
Testicular cancer treatment has a success rate of about 95%
Surgery , radiotherapy and chemotherapy are available methods of treatment
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