The energy from NADU and FADH_2 powers the electron transport chain. Is the flow
ID: 168826 • Letter: T
Question
The energy from NADU and FADH_2 powers the electron transport chain. Is the flow of electrons exergonic (-G) or endergonic (+G)? Where do the electrons flow from through and to? Is the making of a proton gradient endergonic or exergonic? Is this active transport or passive transport of protons? How is the flow of electrons related to the establishment of the proton gradient? Explain fully. What is the role of oxygen in making ATP? What is proton motive force? Is ADP + P_i rightarrow ATP exergonic or endergonic? Write a paragraph explaining in detail what happens to the energy stored in NADH and to the H^- and the c- from the H on the NADH during the energy transformations that constitute cellular respiration. Incorporate your answer to the questions above in your paragraph. DO NOT QUOTE THE TEXTBOOK OR ANY OTHER SOURCE. Put your answer into your own words. Submit your answer as a Turntin assignment in the Assignments Folder in the Lecture by midnight on Friday, March 24. This optional assignment is intended to help you test your understanding of cellular respiration.Explanation / Answer
NADH and FADH2 are generated during glycolysis(NADH2) and Kreb’s cycle(FADH2 an NADH2). These compounds must enter electron transport chain to generate proton gradient that becomes driving force for ATP generation.
In Electron transport chain(located on inner mitochondrial membrane) these compounds lose their electrons and energy of these electron is used to produce energy in form of ATP.
(2) While electrons are being transported through these carriers, protons are also transported across inner mitochondrial membrane to inter-membrane space(Space between outer an inner membrane).
(1 & 3) As flow of electron takes place through these carriers free energy is released. So it is exergonic. This energy helps in flow os protons towards the matrix with help of carrier proteins.
(4 and 6) Few proteins in membrane act as electron carrier as well as proton pumpers as they pass proton to inter-membrane space. This passing of protons from matrix of mitochondria to inner membrane space generates a proton gradient between these regions. This flow of protons across the membrane is assisted by simple pick by the carrier and passing electron to next carrier and releasing proton to matrix. This differential concentration gradient across the membrane is called proton motive force as it tends to shift protons back to matrix.
(5 )The electron passing through the chain of carriers which is finally accepted by a terminal electron acceptor i.e Oxygen. Oxygen binds with this passed electron and proton to form H2O also called metabolic water.
The proton motive force generated tends to push protons back to matrix but only channel for pumping the electrons back is through oxysome particles. When protons tend to move back to matrix through this particle, the enzyme ATP synthase in it gets activated and uses energy to synthesize ATP from ADP.
(7) ADP+Pi --> ATP As in this step energy is being use so it’s endergonic.
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