What are the primary constituents of a normal weight concrete mix? What are the

Question

What are the primary constituents of a normal weight concrete mix? What are the approximate percentages by weight for these constituents? What are the primary constituent materials in a Portland cement? What is the primary role of the Portland cement in a concrete mix? What is the most significant factor that affects the strength of hardened concrete? Describe primary differences between the allowable stress design (ASD) and the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) approaches. Which method is more desirable and why. List 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of concrete as a construction material. - Advantages: Disadvantages: 2. 3. 2. Describe the shrinkage and creep phenomena (and their causes) in concrete. How are the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete related to the compressive strength? Write approximate equations for values of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity for concrete. a) Sketch the simplified (Whitney) stress block diagram for a rectangular concrete beam with tension reinforcement, b) show all important components in the diagram, and c) write the equation of equilibrium for the tensile and compressive forces in terms of the components in the diagram Draw the strain diagram for a concrete beam with a rectangular cross section and write an equation relating the c/d ratio to strains in concrete and steel. Define all the parameters in the following relationship and describe the application of the equation in the design of a flexural RC member - Pt 14 What other consideration beyond "strength" should engineers take into account for design of reinforced concrete beams? Describe the shrinkage and creep phenomena (and their causes) in concrete Describe the balanced, tension controlled (under-reinforced), and compression controlled (over-reinforced) conditions for flexural reinforced concrete beams. Sketch a strain diagram for the three conditions to support your explanation and state which condition is desirable and why What is the recommended strain level in concrete beams' longitudinal reinforcing steel engineers should design for? Describe the primary reason for having a certain minimum spacing between adjacent reinforcing bars in a concrete beams. What are the detrimental effects if the minimum spacing is not provided? what value should you use for if the concrete strength is 7,000 psi? - -what values should you use for in the analysis or design of a RC beam for the following strain conditions: 0.010 =

Explanation / Answer

1.normal weight concrete mix consist of cement ,water,fine aggregate,coarse aggregate.the general ratio is 1:x:2x for cement:fine agg:coarse agg and water cement ratio in between 0.42 to 0.62

2.the Portland cement consist of Portland slag as the only difference from normal cement and this slag reduces the heat envision of cement on setting and thereby increases in durability and is used in mass concreting

3.water cement ratio

4.wsm method is a more safer approach of design thereby making the structure more bulky for the same design whereas the lsm method uses various factor of safety for the same design and uses the constituent up to its full strength

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