RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (50 points) [Primary Contributor: Chris Sparzo, John Kear
ID: 1766318 • Letter: R
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (50 points) [Primary Contributor: Chris Sparzo, John Kearney] The steel beam required the most force to induce a displacement due to buckling, followed by the copper, and lastly by the aluminum needing the least amount of force The steel beam required significantly more force than the copper and aluminum beams Also, the aluminum and copper beams were close in the amount of force needed to induce a displacement. This makes sense when we consider the Young's modulus values for each metal as seen in Table 1 below: Table 1: Young's Modulus Values. source: engineeringtoolbox.com Material Young's Modulus (Gpa) Aluminum Copper Steel 69 200 As can be seen, steel has the highest Young's Modulus, followed by copper and then aluminum. There is a strong correlation between a higher Young's Modulus and a greater resistance to buckling under load. This would help explain why steel is a commorn structural material. We calculated our critical load values (Pcr (N) below) and compared them to our theoretical values (Experimental (N)). We were very close with the steel sample, somewhat close with the aluminum sample, and pretty far off from on the copper sample as seen below in Table 2 Table 2: Critical Load Values for Each Sample Material Steel Aluminum Copper Pcr(N)Experimental(N) Percent Erro 0.47 10.99 40.05 498.21 217.94 361.75 500.543 193.995 216.883 We believe this variance in the more ductile metals (Aluminum and Copper) may be a result of us overshooting the ideal last load during our trials. In other words, if 10N would have been the ideal last load to record on Copper, than we may have gone to far and done 120 NExplanation / Answer
Conclusion:
The following conlcuison were made from the resuls and discussion.
1. The steel beam significantly required more force to induce the displacement when compared with copper and aluminium. The aluminium require the least. This is due to the fact that, the young's modulus of steel is very high when compared with the other two.
2. The critical load value for each sample were succesfully calculated and compared with the experimental data. A close acceptance of the values were obtained for steel samples.
3. The numerical studies can be made in the future work and an analytical expression can be derived between the critical value of bucking and the ductiltiy of the material.
4. More closer results can be obtianed by numerical studies by increasing the number of elements and also by using higher order buckling elements.
5. For improving the experiments, many experiments has to be conducted and the average of the data has to be calculated so that we can get less deviations in the result.
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