Human immunodeficiency viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2, can cause cytopathic effects ei
ID: 176842 • Letter: H
Question
Human immunodeficiency viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2, can cause cytopathic effects either directly or indirectly, and the most common cause of HIV disease throughout the world, and certainly in the United States, is HIV-1. HIV-1 comprises several subtypes with different geographic distributions (see below). HIV-2 was first identified in 1986 in West African patients and was originally confined to West Africa. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 are zoonotic infections. Shown below is the taxonomic relationship among primate lentiviruses.
What can you conclude from the following tree?
HIV-1, chimpanzee and gorilla Mandrill S MNDGB1 L'hoest SIVILHOEST CPZ-EK505 SI VCPZUS. SI VCPZGAB SIVCPZANT HIV-1 IN HIV-1J HIV-1H HIV-1F. HIV-1C HIV-1 HIV-1 HIV-1E Group HIV-1A HIV-1G HIV-1D HIV-2 subtype B HIV-1B CPZ MB66.LB7 HIV-2 subtype A Gorilla HIV-1 O STM M83293 ANT7O HIV-1 O SMNE MVP5180 SIMM251 SMIM9 S6P12 SSAB1C STAN1 SGRI677 SVER 155 0.10 SIVSYK173 SVERTYO SVER9063 Sykes SVERAGM3 African green monkey Source Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Braunwald E Hauser SL, Longo DL, Janneson JL, Loscalzo J Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition: http:// Copyright The McGraw-Hi Companies, Inc. Al rights reserved. HIV-2, Sooty MangabeyExplanation / Answer
Both HIV 1 me HIV 2 ( SIV) has been found in primates such as chimpanzee and gorilla. HIV 1 have probably evolved from the SIV. Sooty mangabey which is an old world monkey is found to have genes of HIV 2 and not of HIV 1. African green monkey do not show presence of HIV 1. Thus it can be said that SIV is a large group of virus which is present in domesticated African primates.
HIV1 and HIV 2 are not close relatives. Lentivirus from chimpanzee is the closest relative to HIV 1 whereas for HIV 2 it's virus from sooty mangabey.
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