Compare and contrast the similarities and differences: Use a table, bullet-list

Question

Compare and contrast the similarities and differences:

Use a table, bullet-list or diagram to compare side-by-side, list similarities on left, differences on right.

a. What are the similarities between how SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and MAOI

(monoamine oxidase inhibitor) act on serotonin to produce the synaptic action in treating depression.

(Explain the mechanisms of synaptic action, how they alter the synaptic efficacy, differences in sideeffects,

and why they have antidepressant property based on the hypothesis of depression, i.e., what is

the neurotransmitter deficiency in depression.)

b. What are the differences between how SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and MAOI

(monoamine oxidase inhibitor) act on serotonin to produce the synaptic action in treating depression.

(Explain the mechanisms of synaptic action, how they alter the synaptic efficacy, differences in sideeffects,

and why they have antidepressant property based on the hypothesis of depression, i.e., what is

the neurotransmitter deficiency in depression.)

c. What are the similarities between how Ritalin™ (methylphenidate) and Adderall™ (amphetamine)

act on dopamine to produce the synaptic action in anti-ADHD/ADD medications.

(Explain the mechanisms of synaptic action, how they alter the synaptic efficacy, differences in halflife,

side-effects, and why they have anti-ADHD/ADD property based on the hypothesis of

ADHD/ADD, i.e., what is the neurotransmitter deficiency in ADHD/ADD.)

d.What are the differences between how Ritalin™ (methylphenidate) and Adderall™ (amphetamine)

act on dopamine to produce the synaptic action in anti-ADHD/ADD medications.

Please explain as much as possible :)

Explanation / Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Mechanisms of synaptic action- the serotonin is used to send signals between the gaps of the nerve cells. This serotonin has lost during the transportation, approximately 10%. The other 90% is taken up by monoamine transporters of sending presynaptic cell. The SSRIs inhibit this taken up process of serotonin. This leads to make remaining of serotonin in presynaptic cells for longer time which makes ultimate down-regulation of serotonin receptors of post-synaptic cells. That’s how these inhibitors used to treat depression. The other side effects are increased levels of norepinephrine, cyclic AMP Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cAMP response element-binding protein.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs

These inhibitors prevent the deformation of monoamine neurotransmitters by inhibiting the monoamine oxidase activity. That’ how the inhibitors used to increase the integrity of neurons in depression. Their mechanism is divided into two parts:

Mechanism of reversibility- In these mechanism MAOIs irreversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase enzymes by binding to them covalently.

Mechanism of Selectivity: MAO-A and MAO-B are two monoamine oxidase isoforms. In this mechanism MAOIs are selectively chosen for binding with MAO-A or MAO-B. If MAOIs are inhibiting MAO-A, it causes the decrease in breakdown of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. If MAOIs are inhibiting MAO-B then decrease in dopamine and phenethylamine breakdown occurs. These all neurotransmitters are necessary to keep the mood in active form.

The side effects of these inhibitors are fatal hypertensive crisis, fatal serotonin syndrome, withdrawal syndrome and some lethal SSRIs combinations are also found.

Similarities

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Both are anti depressants

It inhibits the reuptake process of serotonin

They inhibit monoamine oxidase activity

Both reduce breakdown of serotonin directly or indirectly.

It broadly affects both MAO-A and MAO-B

They can affect both as well as individualy.

Long term uses cause side effects for both inhibitors

Less side effects

More side efffects

Similarities

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Both are anti depressants

It inhibits the reuptake process of serotonin

They inhibit monoamine oxidase activity

Both reduce breakdown of serotonin directly or indirectly.

It broadly affects both MAO-A and MAO-B

They can affect both as well as individualy.

Long term uses cause side effects for both inhibitors

Less side effects

More side efffects

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