16. Compare and contrast transcription and translation. 17. Draw a diagram showi

Question

16. Compare and contrast transcription and translation.

17. Draw a diagram showing a DNA sequence, the transcribed RNA sequence, this transcribed RNA sequence translated into a polypeptide. Then show this same sequence with a mutation changes the original DNA sequence so a different amino acid is translated. Is the substitution of an A for a G more likely than substitution of a T for an A? Why or why not?

18. Unless you love them, do not memorize which codon codes for which amino acid (except for the start codon, AUG which codes for MET, that one is handy to know). Instead if given an mRNA strand, be able to use the codon table to draw the amino acid which will be produced by the translation process.

19. List the types of mutations described and discuss the effects of each on the amino acid that would be translated from that DNA region.

20. What effect does the single substitution mutation of sickle cell anemia have? How can we recognize asymptomatic carriers?

Explanation / Answer

The main difference between transcription and translation are Transcription occurs in nucleus whereas translation occurs in cytoplasm. In transcription, RNA is made from DNA template. Synthesis of proteins occur in translation.

During the process of transcription RNA is synthesized from DNA and during the process of translation polypeptides or proteins are synthesized from RNA or messenger RNA. This messenger RNA contains the genetic information of the cell.

Transcription is found prokaryote’s cytoplasm and a eukaryote’s nucleus while translation is found in prokaryote;s cytoplasm and eukaryote’s ribosomes.

Transcription is inhibited by rifampicin, 8-hydroxyquinoline whereas Translation is inhibited by drugs like erythromycin, streptomycin, cycloheximide, tetracycline and many more.

An adapter molecule is required in translation but it is not required in transcription

Product formed in transcription requires splicing whereas translation doesn't.

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