16. Compare and contrast transcription and translation. 17. Draw a diagram showi

Question

16. Compare and contrast transcription and translation.  

17. Draw a diagram showing a DNA sequence, the transcribed RNA sequence, this transcribed RNA sequence translated into a polypeptide. Then show this same sequence with a mutation changes the original DNA sequence so a different amino acid is translated. Is the substitution of an A for a G more likely than a substitution of a T for an A? Why or why not?

18. Unless you love them, do not memorize which codon codes for which amino acid (except for the start codon, AUG which codes for MET, that one is handy to know). Instead if given an mRNA strand, be able to use the codon table to draw the amino acid which will be produced by the translation process.  

19. List the types of mutations described and discuss the effects of each on the amino acid that would be translated from that DNA region.

20. What effect does the single substitution mutation of sickle cell anemia have? How can we recognize asymptomatic carriers?

Explanation / Answer

Transcription may be defined as formation of RNAs from DNA. Transcription occurs in nucleus in eukaryotes and is carried out by different RNA polymerases. Translation on the other hand means syntheis of protein using the information present in mRNA. Translation occurs in ribosomes present in cytoplasm.

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